EN 10028-3:2017 - Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes

European foreword

This document (EN 10028-3:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 107 "Steels for pressure purposes", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2018.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 10028-3:2009.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU.

For relationship with Directive 2014/68/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

A list of changes between this document and the previous version can be found in Annex C.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies requirements for flat products for pressure equipment made of weldable fine grain steels as specified in Table 1.

NOTE 1 Fine grain steels are understood as steels with a ferritic grain size of 6 or finer when tested in accordance with EN ISO 643.

The requirements and definitions of EN 10028-1:2017 also apply.

NOTE 2 Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OEU) under Directive 2014/68/EU, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard (Part 1 and the other relevant part of the series) and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 2014/68/EU are satisfied, needs to be done.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1011-1:2009, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 1: General guidance for arc welding
EN 1011-2:2001, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels
EN 10028-1:2017, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 1: General requirements
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 10229:1998, Evaluation of resistance of steel products to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 10028-1:2017 apply.

4 Tolerances on dimensions

See EN 10028-1:2017.

5 Calculation of mass

See EN 10028-1:2017.

6 Classification and designation

6.1 Classification

6.1.1 The steel grades covered by this document are given in four qualities:

a) room temperature quality (P ... N),
b) elevated temperature quality (P...NH),
c) low temperature quality (P...NL1) and
d) special low temperature quality (P...NL2).

6.1.2 The grades P275NH to P355NL2 are alloy quality steels, the grades P275NL2 and the grades P420NH to P460NL2 are alloy special steels.

6.2 Designation

See EN 10028-1:2017.

7 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

7.1 Mandatory information

See EN 10028-1:2017.

7.2 Options

A number of options are specified in this document and listed below. Additionally the relevant options of EN 10028-1:2017 apply. If the purchaser does not indicate a wish to implement any of these options at the time of enquiry and order, the products shall be supplied in accordance with the basic specification (see also EN 10028-1:2017).

1) tests in the simulated normalized condition (see 8.2.2);
2) delivery of products in the untreated condition (see 8.2.3);
3) maximum carbon equivalent value (see 8.3.3);
4) no option, intentionally left blank;
5) modified values for R_eH and R_m for grades P460NH and P460NL1 (see Table 4, footnote a);
6) application of the R_p0,2 values of Table 5 for the corresponding P...NL1 and P...NL2 grade (see 8.4.2);
7) no option, intentionally left blank;
8) specification of a minimum impact energy of 40 J (see 8.4.1 and Table 6);
9) HIC test in accordance with EN 10229 (see 8.7);
10) mid thickness test pieces for the impact test (see Clause 10);
11) verification of impact energy for longitudinal test pieces (see Clause 11);
12) use of test solution B for the HIC test with agreed acceptance criteria (see Annex A);
13) limitation of copper and/or tin content (see Table 1, footnote g).

7.3 Example for ordering

10 plates with nominal dimensions, thickness = 50 mm, width = 2000 mm, length = 10000 mm, made of a steel grade with the name P275NL2 and the number 1.1104 as specified in EN 10028-3, to be delivered with inspection certificate 3.1 as specified in EN 10204:

10 plates – 50 x 2000 x 10000 – EN 10028-3 – P275NL2 – Inspection certificate 3.1.

or

10 plates – 50 x 2000 x 10000 – EN 10028-3 – 1.1104 – Inspection certificate 3.1.

8 Requirements

8.1 Steelmaking process

See EN 10028-1:2017.

8.2 Delivery condition

8.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order (see 8.2.3), the products covered by this document shall be supplied in the normalized condition.

For steels with minimum yield strength ≥ 420 MPa, delayed cooling or additional tempering may be necessary for small product thicknesses and in special cases. If such a treatment is performed, this shall be noted in the inspection document.

8.2.2 Normalizing may, at the discretion of the manufacturer, be replaced with normalizing rolling for all steel grades covered by this standard. In this case, additional tests on simulated normalized samples with an agreed frequency of testing may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order to verify that the specified properties are complied with.

8.2.3 If agreed at the time of enquiry and order, products covered by this document may also be delivered in the untreated condition.

In these cases, testing shall be carried out in the simulated normalized condition (but see 8.2.1).

8.2.4 Information on welding are given in Annex B of this standard.

8.3 Chemical composition

8.3.1 The requirements of Table 1 shall apply for the chemical composition according to the cast analysis.

8.3.2 The product analysis shall not deviate from the specified values for the cast analysis as specified in Table 1 by more than the values given in Table 2.

8.3.3 A maximum value for the carbon equivalent in accordance with Table 3 may be agreed at time of enquiry and order.

Table 1 — Chemical composition (cast analysis) ^a
Steel grade		% by mass
Steel name	Steel number	C max.	Si max.	Mn max.	P max.	S max.	Al_total min.	N max.	Cr max.	Cu ^g max.	Mo max.	Nb max.	Ni max.	Ti max.	V max.	Nb + Ti + V max.
P275NH	1.0487	0,16	0,40	0,80 ^b to 1,50	0,025	0,010	0,020 ^{c d}	0,012	0,30 ^e	0,30 ^e	0,08 ^e	0,05	0,50	0,03	0,05	0,05
P275NL1	1.0488				0,025	0,008
P275NL2	1.1104				0,020	0,005
P355N	1.0562	0,18	0,50	1,10 to 1,70	0,025	0,010	0,020 ^{c d}	0,012	0,30 ^e	0,30 ^e	0,08 ^e	0,05	0,50	0,03	0,10	0,12
P355NH	1.0565					0,010
P355NL1	1.0566					0,008
P355NL2	1.1106				0,020	0,005
P420NH	1.8932	0,20	0,60	1,10 to 1,70	0,025	0,010	0,020 ^{c d}	0,020	0,30 ^e	0,30 ^e	0,10 ^e	0,05	0,80	0,03	0,20	0,22
P420NL1	1.8912				0,025	0,008
P420NL2	1.8913				0,020	0,005
P460NH	1.8935	0,20	0,60	1,10 to 1,70	0,025	0,010	0,020 ^{c d}	0,025	0,30	0,70 ^f	0,10	0,05	0,80	0,03	0,20	0,22
P460NL1	1.8915				0,025	0,008
P460NL2	1.8918				0,020	0,005
^a Elements not listed in this table shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser except for finishing the cast. All appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent the addition from scrap or other materials used in steelmaking of these elements which may adversely affect the mechanical properties and usability. ^b For nominal thicknesses < 6 mm, a minimum Mn content of 0,60 % is permitted. ^c The Al_total content may fall short this minimum if niobium, titanium or vanadium are additionally used for nitrogen binding. ^d If only aluminium is used for nitrogen binding, a ratio AlN ≥ 2 shall apply. ^e The sum of the percentages by mass of the three elements chromium, copper and molybdenum shall not exceed 0,45 %. ^f If the percentage by mass of copper exceeds 0,30 %, the percentage by mass of nickel shall be at least half the percentage by mass of copper. ^g A lower maximum copper content and/or a maximum sum of copper and tin content, e.g. Cu + 6 Sn ≤ 0,33 %, may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order, e.g. with regard to hot formability.

Table 2 — Permissible deviations of the product analysis from the specified limits given in Table 1 for the cast analysis
Element	Specified limit of the cast analysis according to Table 1 % by mass	Permissible deviation ^a of the product analysis % by mass
C	≤ 0,20	+ 0,02
Si	≤ 0,60	+ 0,06
Mn	≤ 1,00	± 0,05
Mn	> 1,00 to ≤ 1,70	± 0,10
P	≤ 0,025	+ 0,005
S	≤ 0,010	+ 0,003
Al	≥ 0,020	– 0,005
N	≤ 0,025	+ 0,002
Cr	≤ 0,30	+ 0,05
Mo	≤ 0,10	+ 0,03
Cu	≤ 0,30	+ 0,05
Cu	> 0,30 to ≤ 0,70	+ 0,10
Nb	≤ 0,05	+ 0,01
Ni	≤ 0,80	+ 0,05
Ti	≤ 0,03	+ 0,01
V	≤ 0,20	+ 0,01
^a If several product analyses are carried out on one cast, and the contents of an individual element determined lie outside the permissible range of the chemical composition specified for the cast analysis, then it is only allowed to exceed the permissible maximum value or fall short of the permissible minimum value, but not both for one cast.

Table 3 — Maximum carbon equivalent value (CEV) based on cast analysis (if agreed at the time of enquiry and order) ^a
Steel grade		CEV ^b max. for nominal thicknesses t in mm
Steel name	Steel number	t ≤ 60	60 < t ≤ 100	100 < t ≤ 250
P275NH	1.0487	0,40	0,40	0,42
P275NL1	1.0488
P275NL2	1.1104
P355N	1.0562	0,43	0,45	0,45
P355NH	1.0565
P355NL1	1.0566
P355NL2	1.1106
P420NH	1.8932	0,48	0,48	0,52
P420NL1	1.8912
P420NL2	1.8913
P460NH	1.8935	0,53	0,54	0,54
P460NL1	1.8915
P460NL2	1.8918

NOTE The values for the carbon equivalent are based on the percentage by mass and relate to the mechanical properties according to this European Standard.

^a See 8.3.3.

^b CEV = C + Mn 6 + Cr + Mo + V 5 + Ni + Cu 15

8.4 Mechanical properties

8.4.1 The values given in Tables 4 to 6 (see also EN 10028-1:2017 and Clauses 10 and 11) shall apply.

Optionally, a minimum impact energy value of 40 J may be specified for temperatures where lower minimum values are specified (see Table 6, footnote a).

8.4.2 If agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the minimum proof strength R_p0,2 values at elevated temperature specified in Table 5 for the P...NH grades may also apply to the P...NL1 and P...NL2 grades.

Table 4 — Tensile properties at room temperature
Steel grade		Nominal thickness t mm	Yield strength R_eH MPa min.	Tensile strength R_m MPa	Elongation after fracture A % min.
Steel name	Steel number	Nominal thickness t mm	Yield strength R_eH MPa min.	Tensile strength R_m MPa	Elongation after fracture A % min.
P275NH, P275NL1, P275NL2	1.0487, 1.0488, 1.1104	≤ 16	275	390 to 510	24
		16 < t ≤ 40	265
		40 < t ≤ 60	255
		60 < t ≤ 100	235	370 to 490	23
		100 < t ≤ 150	225	360 to 480
		150 < t ≤ 250	215	350 to 470
P355N, P355NH, P355NL1, P355NL2	1.0562, 1.0565, 1.0566, 1.1106	≤ 16	355	490 to 630	22
		16 < t ≤ 40	345
		40 < t ≤ 60	335
		60 < t ≤ 100	315	470 to 610	21
		100 < t ≤ 150	305	460 to 600
		150 < t ≤ 250	295	450 to 590
P420NH, P420NL1, P420NL2	1.8932, 1.8912, 1.8913	≤ 16	420	540 to 690	19
		16 < t ≤ 40	405
		40 < t ≤ 60	395
		60 < t ≤ 100	370	515 to 665
		100 < t ≤ 150	350	500 to 650
		150 < t ≤ 250	340	490 to 640
P460NH, P460NL1, P460NL2	1.8935, 1.8915, 1.8918	≤ 16 ^a	460	570 to 730	16
		16^a < t ≤ 40	445	570 to 720
		40 < t ≤ 60	430	570 to 720
		60 < t ≤ 100	400	540 to 710
		100 < t ≤ 150	380	520 to 690
		150 < t ≤ 250	370	510 to 690
^a In the case of P460NH and P460NL1, up to 20 mm nominal thickness, a minimum R_eH of 460 MPa and a R_m range of 630 MPa to 725 MPa may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

Table 5 — Minimum values for the proof strength R_p0,2 at elevated temperatures^a
Steel grade		Nominal thickness t mm	Minimum proof strength R_p0,2 MPa at a temperature in °C of
Steel name	Steel number		50	100	150	200	250	300	350	400
Steel name	Steel number		50	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	P275NH	1.0487	≤ 16	266	250	232	213	195	179	166	156
16 < t ≤ 40	256	241	223	205	188	173	160	150
40 < t ≤ 60	247	232	215	197	181	166	154	145
60 < t ≤ 100	227	214	198	182	167	153	142	133
100 < t ≤ 150	218	205	190	174	160	147	136	128
150 < t ≤ 250	208	196	181	167	153	140	130	122
P355NH	1.0565	≤ 16	343	323	299	275	252	232	214	202
		16 < t ≤ 40	334	314	291	267	245	225	208	196
		40 < t ≤ 60	324	305	282	259	238	219	202	190
		60 < t ≤ 100	305	287	265	244	224	206	190	179
		100 < t ≤ 150	295	277	257	236	216	199	184	173
		150 < t ≤ 250	285	268	249	228	209	192	178	167
P420NH	1.8932	≤ 16	406	382	354	325	298	274	254	238
		16 < t ≤ 40	392	369	341	314	287	264	245	230
		40 < t ≤ 60	382	359	333	306	280	258	239	224
		60 < t ≤ 100	358	337	312	287	263	241	224	210
		100 < t ≤ 150	339	319	295	271	248	228	212	199
		150 < t ≤ 250	329	309	286	263	241	222	206	193
P460NH	1.8935	≤ 16	445	419	388	356	326	300	278	261
		16 < t ≤ 40	430	405	375	345	316	290	269	253
		40 < t ≤ 60	416	391	362	333	305	281	260	244
		60 < t ≤ 100	387	364	337	310	284	261	242	227
		100 < t ≤ 150	368	346	320	294	270	248	230	216
		150 < t ≤ 250	358	337	312	287	263	241	224	210
^a The values reflect the minimum values for furnace normalized test pieces (i.e. they correspond to the lower band of the relevant trend curve determined in accordance with EN 10314) with a confidence limit of about 98 % (2s).

Table 6 — Minimum impact energy values
Steel grade	Nominal thickness mm	Impact energy KV₂ J min.
		transverse					longitudinal
		at a temperature in °C of
		-50	-40	-20	0	+20	-50	-40	-20	0	+20
P...N, P...NH	≤ 250	-	-	30 ^a	40	50	-	-	45	65	75
P...NL1		-	27 ^a	35 ^a	50	60	30 ^a	40	50	70	80
P...NL2		27 ^a	30 ^a	40	60	70	42	45	55	75	85
^a A minimum impact energy value of 40 J may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

8.5 Surface condition

See EN 10028-1:2017.

8.6 Internal soundness

See EN 10028-1:2017.

8.7 Resistance to hydrogen induced cracking

Carbon and low alloy steels may be susceptible to cracking when exposed to corrosive H₂S containing environments, usually referred to as 'sour service'.

A test to evaluate the resistance to hydrogen induced cracking in accordance with Annex A may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

9 Inspection

9.1 Types of inspection and inspection documents

See EN 10028-1:2017.

9.2 Tests to be carried out

See EN 10028-1:2017 and 8.7.

9.3 Retests, sorting and reprocessing

See EN 10028-1:2017.

10 Sampling

See EN 10028-1:2017.

For the impact test, deviating from EN 10028-1:2017, Table 4, footnote g, the preparation of test pieces taken from the mid thickness may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. In this case, test temperatures and minimum impact energy values shall also be agreed.

11 Test methods

See EN 10028-1:2017 and EN 10229.

For the impact test, verification of impact energy for longitudinal test pieces may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order in accordance with EN 10028-1:2017, 10.2.2.3 and 11.4.

12 Marking

See EN 10028-1:2017.

Annex A (normative) Evaluation of resistance to hydrogen induced cracking

The tests to evaluate the resistance of steel products to hydrogen induced cracking shall be performed in accordance with EN 10229. The acceptance criteria for the test solution A (with pH ≈ 3) apply for the classes indicated in Table A.1 where the given values are mean values from three individual test results.

Test solution B (with pH ≈ 5) and corresponding acceptance criteria may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

Table A.1 — Acceptance classes for the HIC test (test solution A)
Acceptance class	CLR ^a %	CTR ^a %	CSR ^a %
I	≤ 5	≤ 1,5	≤ 0,5
II	≤ 10	≤ 3	≤ 1
III	≤ 15	≤ 5	≤ 2
^a CLR: crack length ratio, CTR: crack thickness ratio, CSR: crack sensitivity ratio.

Other acceptance criteria as in test solution A (e.g. according to NACE/TM 0284) may be agreed at time of enquiry and order.

Annex B (informative) Information on welding

Information on welding is given in EN 1011-1 and EN 1011-2.

Excessive post weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions can decrease the mechanical properties. When in stress relieving the intended time temperature parameter

P = T_s (20 + lg t) × 10⁻³

where T_s is the stress relieving temperature in K, and t is the holding time in hours, exceeds the critical value P_crit of:

17,3 for all steel grades except P420NH, P420NL1, P420NL2, P460NH, P460NL1 and P460NL2,
16,7 in the case of steel grade P420NH, P460NH, and
16,3 in the case of steel grades P420NL1, P420NL2, P460NL1 and P460NL2,

the purchaser should in his enquiry and order inform the manufacturer accordingly and, where appropriate, tests on simulated heat treated samples may be agreed to check whether after such a treatment the properties specified in this European Standard can still be regarded as valid in accordance with the essential safety requirements of the PED.

Annex C (informative) Changes to the previous version EN 10028-3:2009

the normative references have been revised;
the option to agree thicknesses greater than those stated in the standard and the corresponding footnotes in the Tables 4 and 5 have been deleted;
EN 1011-1 and EN 1011-2 have been moved from the bibliography to the normative references;
the steel grades P420NH, P420NL1 and P420NL2 with the corresponding data have been included in the standard;
the marking of text passages with one or two dots has been deleted;
the cross references in the standard have been updated;
the note in sub-clause 8.2.3 concerning delivery condition has been removed;
the possibility for normalizing rolling has been extended to all grades;
chemical analysis and mechanical properties for P460 > 100 mm were defined;
a new Option 13 for limited Cu, Sn- contents was defined;
the information on weldability and the note in 8.2.4 was moved to Annex B;
the correlation in Annex ZA between the clause of this European Standard and the essential requirements of the Directive 2014/68/EU have been updated;
clarification on various technical requirements.

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request M/071 to provide one voluntary means of conforming to Essential Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU, and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive 2014/68/EU
Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU	Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN	Remarks/Notes
4.1a	8.4.1, Tables 4 and 6	Appropriate material properties
4.1d	8.2 and 8.5	Suitable for the processing procedures
4.3	9.1	Inspection documentation

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.

Bibliography

[1] EN ISO 643, Steels – Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643)
[2] EN 10314, Method for the derivation of minimum values of proof strength of steel at elevated temperatures
[3] NACE/TM 0284, Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessels steels for resistance to hydrogen induced cracking

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Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes – Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels

European foreword

1 Scope

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Tolerances on dimensions

5 Calculation of mass