SPECIFICATION FOR GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL PLATES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS

SA-20/SA-20M-2025

(Identical with ASTM Specification A20/A20M-20 except for revision in para. 11.5.3.)

1. Scope

1.1 This general requirements specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, apply to rolled steel plates for pressure vessels covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:

Applicable Product Specifications

Title of Specification ASTM DesignationA
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, NickelA203/A203M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, MolybdenumA204/A204M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-Vanadium-NickelA225/A225M
Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad PlateA263
Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad PlateA264
Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel PlateA265
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile StrengthA285/A285M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-SiliconA299/A299M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-NickelA302/A302M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-Normalized and Tempered 9% NickelA353/A353M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-MolybdenumA387/A387M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength ManganeseA455/A455M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature ServiceA515/A515M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Moderate- and Lower-Temperature ServiceA516/A516M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and TemperedA517/A517M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-NickelA533/A533M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon SteelA537/A537M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumA542/A542M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered Nickel-Chromium-MolybdenumA543/A543M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered 7, 8, and 9% NickelA553/A553M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic CoatingsA562/A562M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength, for Moderate and Lower Temperature ServiceA612/A612M
Pressure Vessel Plates, 5% and 5.5% Nickel Alloy Steels, Specially Heat TreatedA645/A645M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature ServiceA662/A662M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, Quenched and Tempered, for Welded Pressure VesselsA724/A724M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-Carbon Age-Hardening Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium (Niobium) Alloy SteelA736/A736M
Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength Low-Alloy SteelA737/A737M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature ServiceA738/A738M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumA832/A832M
Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)A841/A841M
Steel Plates, 9% Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels, Produced by the Direct-Quenching ProcessA844/A844M
Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-TungstenA1017/A1017M

AThese designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specification which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.

1.1.1 This general requirements specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that are applicable to several of the above product specifications as indicated therein. Such requirements are provided for use if additional testing or additional restrictions are required by the purchaser, and apply only if specified individually in the purchase order.

1.2 Appendix X1 provides information on coil as a source of plates for pressure vessels.

1.3 Appendix X2 provides information on the variability of tensile properties in plates for pressure vessels.

1.4 Appendix X3 provides information on the variability of Charpy V-notch impact test properties in plates for pressure vessels.

1.5 Appendix X4 provides information on cold bending of plates, including suggested minimum inside radii for cold bending.

1.6 These materials are intended to be suitable for fusion welding. When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized.

1.7 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the applicable product specification prevail over those of this general requirements specification.

1.8 Additional requirements that are specified in the purchase order and accepted by the supplier are permitted, provided that such requirements do not negate any of the requirements of this general requirements specification or the applicable product specification.

1.9 For purposes of determining conformance with this general requirements specification and the applicable product specification, values are to be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.

1.10 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.11 This general requirements specification and the applicable product specification are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the plates are to be furnished to inch-pound units.

1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code:

2.3 U.S. Federal Standard:

2.4 Automotive Industry Action Group Standard:

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

3.1.1 as-rolled

For plates, the condition of a plate that has been hot-rolled and will not be or has not yet been heat treated.

Discussion—The term as-rolled by itself is not meant to refer to plates that have been hot-rolled using control-rolling (CR), direct quench (DQT), thermo-mechanical control rolling (TMCP), recrystallization control rolling (RCR), or any similar methods that are intended to produce a set of properties that are not normally achievable were they not employed. The term as-rolled is to be distinguished from the established term plate-as-rolled that does not define the actual condition of a plate, but defines the singular product of a slab or ingot that has been hot-rolled.

3.1.2 coil

Hot-rolled steel in coil form for processing into finished plates.

3.1.3 exclusive

When used in relation to ranges, as for ranges of thicknesses in the tables of permissible variations in dimensions, the term is intended to exclude only the greater value of the range. Thus, a range from 60 to 72 in. [1500 to 1800 mm] exclusive includes 60 in. [1500 mm], but does not include 72 in. [1800 mm].

3.1.4 heat treatment terms

See 3.1.11, and Terminology A941.

3.1.5 hot forming

A forming operation producing permanent deformation, performed after the plate has been heated to the temperature required to produce grain refinement.

3.1.6 hot-rolled (hot rolling)

For plates, the process described for a plate that has been rolled from a slab or ingot whose starting temperature is suitably above the recrystallization temperature of the metal to be rolled.

Discussion—Hot-rolled may be used in conjunction with any rolling process to more effectively describe a specific condition, for example; hot-rolled as-rolled; hot-rolled control-rolled, etc.

3.1.7 manufacturer

The organization that directly controls the conversion of steel ingots or slabs, by hot rolling, into plate-as-rolled or into coil; and for plates produced from plate-as-rolled, the organization that directly controls, or is responsible for, one or more of the operations involved in finishing the plates. Such finishing operations include leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection, conditioning, heat treatment (if applicable), packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.

Discussion—The finishing operations need not be done by the organization that did the hot rolling of the plate. For plates produced from coil, see also 3.1.2.

3.1.8 mill edge

The normal edge produced by rolling between horizontal finishing rolls. A mill edge does not conform to any definite contour. Mill edge plates have two mill edges and two trimmed edges.

Discussion—Mill edge plates may at times be side-trimmed on one or both sides at the discretion of the manufacturer.

3.1.9 plate identifier

The alpha, numeric, or alphanumeric designation used to identify the plate.

3.1.10 plates

Flat hot-rolled steel, ordered to thickness or weight and typically to width and length, commonly available by size as follows:

Typical Plate Size Ranges

Width, in. [mm] Thickness, in. [mm]
Over 8 [200]Over 0.229 [6.0 mm and over]
Over 48 [1200]Over 0.179 [4.6 mm and over]

Discussion—Steel plates are available in various thickness, width, and length combinations dependent upon equipment and processing capabilities of various manufacturers and processors. Historic limitations of a plate based upon dimensions (thickness, width, and length) do not take into account advancements in mill technology.account current production and processing capabilities. Toqualify any plate to a particular product specifcation requiresthat all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and thatthe results meet the limits prescribed in that product specifi.cation, If the necessary tests required by a product specificationcan not be conducted, the plate can not be qualified to thatspecifcation. This general requirements specifcation containspermitted variations for the commonly available sizes, Permit-ted variations for other sizes are subject to agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer or processor, whichever isapplicable.

3. Terminology (Continued)

3.1.11 precipitation heat treatment

A subcritical temperature thermal treatment performed to cause precipitation of submicroscopic constituents, and so forth, to result in enhancement of some desirable property.

3.1.12 processor

The organization that directly controls, or is responsible for, operations involved in the processing of coil into finished plates. Such processing operations include decoiling, leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspecting, conditioning, heat treatment (if applicable), packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.

3.1.12.1 Discussion—The processing operations need not be done by the organization that did the hot rolling of the coil. If only one organization is involved in the hot rolling and processing operations, that organization is termed the manufacturer for the hot rolling operation and the processor for the processing operations. If more than one organization is involved in the hot rolling and processing operations, the organization that did the hot rolling is termed the manufacturer and the organization that does one or more processing operations is termed a processor.

3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional terms used in this standard.

4. Ordering Information (Continued)

4.1 Orders should include the following information, as necessary, to adequately describe the desired product.

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace, possibly followed by additional refining in a ladle-metallurgy furnace (LMF), or by another method; or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting (VAR), electro-slag remelting (ESR), or another method.

5.2 The Steel May be strand cast or cast in stationary molds.

5.2.1 Strand Cast Slabs:

5.2.1.1 If heats of the same nominal chemical composition are consecutively strand cast at one time, the heat number assigned to the cast product (slab) may remain unchanged until all of the steel in the slab is from the following heat.

5.2.1.2 When two consecutively strand cast heats have different nominal chemical composition ranges, the manufacturer shall remove the transition material by any established procedure that positively separates the grades.

5.3 The ratio of reduction of thickness from a strand-cast slab to plate shall be at least 3.0:1, except that reduction ratios as low as 2.0:1 are permitted if all of the following limitations are met:

5.4 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, plates shall be produced from plate-as-rolled or from coil.

5.5 Coils are excluded from qualification to the applicable product specification until they are decoiled, leveled, cut to length, and tested by the processor in accordance with the specified requirements (see Sections 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 20).

5.5.1 Plates produced from coil shall not contain splice welds, unless approved by the purchaser.

6. Heat Treatment

6.1 If plates are required to be heat treated, the heat treatment shall be performed by the manufacturer, the processor, or the fabricator, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification.

6.2 If the heat treatment required by the applicable product specification is to be performed by the purchaser or the purchaser’s agent, and the plates are to be supplied by the manufacturer or processor in a condition other than that required by the applicable product specification, the order shall so state.

6.2.1 If plates are ordered without the heat treatment required by the applicable product specification, heat treatment of the plates to conform to the requirements of the applicable product specification shall be the responsibility of the purchaser.

6.3 If heat treatment is to be performed, the plates shall be heat treated as specified in the applicable product specification. The purchaser may specify the heat treatment to be used, provided it is not in conflict with the requirements of the applicable product specification.

6.4 If normalizing is to be performed by the fabricator, the plates shall be either normalized or heated uniformly for hot forming, provided that the temperature to which the plates are heated for hot forming does not significantly exceed the normalizing temperature.

6.5 If no heat treatment is required, the manufacturer or processor shall have the option of heat treating the plates by normalizing, stress relieving, or normalizing and then stress relieving to meet the requirements of the applicable product specification.

6.6 If approved by the purchaser, cooling rates faster than those obtained by cooling in air, are permissible to achieve specified mechanical properties, provided that the plates are subsequently tempered in the temperature range from 1100 to 1300°F [595 to 705°C].

7. Chemical Composition

7.1 Heat Analysis:

7.1.1 Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.

7.1.2 For each heat, the heat analysis shall include determination of the content of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, vanadium, columbium (niobium); any other element that is specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type; aluminum, if the aluminum content is to be used in place of austenitic grain size testing of the heat (see 8.3.2.1); and any austenitic grain refining element for which limits are specified in the purchase order (see 8.3.2).

7.1.3 Heat analyses shall conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type. In addition, for elements that are listed in Table 1 but are not specified or restricted in the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type, heat analyses shall conform to the applicable heat analysis limits given in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Limits on Elements (see 7.1.3 and 7.2.4)

Element Heat analysis Product analysis
Copper, max %A 0.40 0.43
Nickel, max %A 0.40 0.43
Chromium, max %A,B 0.30 0.34
Molybdenum, max %A,B 0.12 0.13
Vanadium, max %C 0.03 0.04
Columbium (Niobium)D, max %E 0.02 0.03
Titanium, max %F 0.03 0.04
Boron, max % 0.0010 0.0015

A In addition for each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %, unless one or more of those elements are specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type.

B In addition for each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %, unless one or both of those elements are specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type.

C By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for vanadium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.10 %, and the product analysis limit for vanadium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.11 %.

D Columbium and niobium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01 specifications.

E By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for columbium (niobium) is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.05 %, and the product analysis limit for columbium (niobium) is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.06 %.

F By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, the heat analysis limit for titanium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.04 %, and the product analysis limit for titanium is permitted to be increased to a value not higher than 0.05 %.

7.2 Product Analysis:

7.2.1 Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.

7.2.2 For each plate-as-rolled, the purchaser shall have the option of chemically analyzing a broken tension test specimen or a sample taken from the same relative location as that from which the tension test specimen was obtained.

7.2.3 For elements that are specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type, product analyses shall conform to the product analysis requirements of the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type.

7.2.4 For elements that are listed in Table 1 but are not specified or restricted by the applicable product specification for the applicable grade, class, and type, product analyses shall conform to the applicable product analysis limits given in Table 1.

7.3 Referee Analysis-For referee purposes, Test Methods,.Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.

8. Metallurgical Structure (Continued)

8.1 Where austenitic grain size testing is required, such testing shall be a MeQuaid Ehn test in accordance with Test Methods E112 and at least 70% of the grains in the areaexamined shall meet the specifed grain size requirement.

8.2 Coarse Austenitic Grain Size-Where coarse austeniticgrain size is specifed one austenitic grain size test per heatshall be made and the grain size number so determined shall bein the range of l to 5 inclusive.

8.3 Fine Austenitic Grain Size.

8.3.1 Except as allowed in 8.3.2, and when fine austenitic grain size is specified, or when the producer elects to determine the grain size, one McQuaid Ehn test per heat shall be made and the austenitic grain size number so determined shall be 5 or higher, and the chemical requirements of 8.3.2 do not apply.
NorE 1-Such austenitic grain size numbers may be achieved with lower contents of austenitie grain refining elements than 8.3.2 requires for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.

8.3.2 Unless testing for fine austenitic grain size is specifiedin the purchase order or the producer elects to test for fineaustenitic grain size, the austenitic grain size test need not bemade for any heat that has, by heat analysis, one or more of thefollowing:

8.3.2.1 A total aluminum content of 0.020 % or more.

8.3.2.2 An acid soluble aluminum content of 0.015% or more.

8.3.2.3 A content for an austenitic grain refining elementthat exceeds the minimum value agreed to by the purchaser asbeing suficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.

8.3.2.4 Contents for the combination of two or more auste.nitic grain refining elements that exceed the applicable minimum values agreed to by the purchaser as being sufcient foraustenitic grain size testing to be waived.

8.3,2.5 The analysis for the elements mentioned in 8.3.2.1,8.3.2.2,8.3.2.3,or 8.3.2.4 shall be included in the test report

9. Quality (Continued)

9.1 General—Plates shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a workmanlike finish.

9.2 Surface Imperfections:

9.2.1 For plates produced from plate-as-rolled, all injurious surface imperfections shall be removed by the manufacturer. For plates produced from coil, all injurious surface imperfections shall be removed by the processor.

9.2.1.1 Shallow imperfections shall be ground to sound metal; the ground area shall be well faired and the thickness of the ground plate shall not be reduced below the minimum thickness permitted.

9.2.1.2 All surface imperfections, the removal of which will reduce the plate thickness below the minimum thickness permitted, shall be cause for rejection of the plate, except that by agreement with the purchaser, the metal so removed may be replaced with weld metal (see 9.4).

9.3 Edge Imperfections

9.3.1 Laminar-type discontinuities 1 in. [25 mm] and less in length visible to the unaided eye on an edge of a plate as prepared for shipment by the manufacturer or processor are acceptable and do not require exploration.

9.3.2 All larger discontinuities shall be explored to determine their depth and extent. Discontinuities shall be considered continuous when located in the same plane within 5 % of the plate thickness and separated by a distance less than the length of the smaller of two adjacent discontinuities.

9.3.3 Indications visible to the unaided eye on the cut edges of a plate as prepared for shipment by the manufacturer or processor shall not exceed the limits given in Columns 1 and 2 of Table A1.14 [A2.14].

9.3.4 Larger indications shall be removed by the manufacturer or processor by grinding, provided that the resultant cavity does not exceed the limits given in Columns 3 and 4 of Table A1.14 [A2.14].

9.3.5 Indications of greater magnitude shall be cause for rejection of the plate, except that by agreement with the purchaser, the defects may be removed and replaced with weld metal (see 9.4).

9.3.6 Indications on the edges of a plate cut during the fabrication shall be cause for rejection of the plate at the discretion of the purchaser if the magnitude exceeds the limits given in Columns 5 and 6 of Table A1.14 [A2.14]. The defects may be removed and replaced with weld metal (see 9.4).

9.3.7 Fabricators should be aware that edge cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge during the fabrication process. This is not considered to be a fault of the steel, but is rather a function of the induced cold work or heat affected zone.

9.4 Repair by Welding

9.4.1 Repair welding shall be permitted only with the approval of the purchaser.

9.4.2 Preparation for repair welding shall include inspection to confirm complete removal of the defect.

9.4.3 Repairs shall be made utilizing welding procedures qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and repair welding shall be done by welders or welding operators meeting the qualification requirements of Section IX.

9.4.4 The weld metal shall have the A-number analysis corresponding to the equivalent ASME P-number of the plate, except that A-1 or A-2 weld metals may be employed that are for P-1 plates. Other weld metals weld metal may be employed compatible with the plate metals repaired, if so approved by the purchaser. Such weld metals shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

9.4.5 If Charpy impact tests of the plate are required, the welding procedure qualification tests shall also include Charpy impact tests of the weld, the heat-affected zone, and the plate, and the test results shall be reported to the purchaser.

9.4.6 If the plate is subjected to normalizing, quenching and tempering, hot forming, or post-weld heat treating, the welding procedure qualification test plates and the weld repaired plate shall be subjected to the thermal heat treatment as specified by the purchaser.

9.4.7 In addition, repair welds shall meet the requirements of the construction code specified by the purchaser.

10. Test Methods

10.1 All tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.

10.2 Yield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method, unless otherwise stated in the applicable product specification.

10.3 Rounding Procedures—For purposes of determining conformance with the applicable product specification, a calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 1 ksi [5 MPa] for tensile and yield strengths, and to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for other values, in accordance with the rounding method given in Practice E29.

11. Tension Tests (Continued)

11.1.3 Plates Produced from Coil and Furnished Heat Treated by Other than Stress Relieving—For other than quenched and tempered plates, one tension test coupon shall be taken from each coil. Two tension test coupons shall be taken from each quenched and tempered plate, as heat treated.

11.1.4 Plates Produced from Coil and Qualified Using Test Specimens Taken from Test Coupons Heat Treated by Other than Stress Relieving—One tension test coupon shall be taken from each coil.

11.2 Orientation of Test Specimens

The longitudinal axis of the tension test specimens shall be transverse to the final rolling direction of the plate.

11.3 Location of Test Coupons

Tension test coupons shall be taken from a corner of the plate. For quenched and tempered plates, the two tension test coupons shall be taken from opposite ends of the plate.

11.4 Tests from Heat-Treated Plates

11.4.1 If heat treatment is performed by the manufacturer or processor, the test specimens shall be taken from the plate in the heat-treated condition or from full-thickness coupons simultaneously heat treated with the plate.

11.4.2 If heat treatment is to be performed by the fabricator, the plates shall be accepted on the basis of tests made on test specimens taken from full-thickness coupons heat treated in accordance with the requirements specified in the applicable product specification or the purchase order. If the heat treatment temperatures are not specified, the manufacturer or processor shall heat treat the coupons under conditions it considers appropriate. The purchaser shall be informed of the procedure followed in heat treating the specimens.

11.4.3 If approved by the purchaser, the procedures of 11.4.2 may be implemented, except that for plates that are quenched and tempered, all testing required the specification or the purchase order must be performed after plate heat treatment, in accordance with 11.1 and 11.4.4, and the results reported.

11.4.4 For plates that are heat treated with a cooling rate faster than still-air-cooling from the austenitizing temperature, one of the following shall apply in addition to other requirements specified herein:

11.4.4.1 The least length of the tension test specimen shall be taken from any as-heat treated edge, where T is the thickness of the plate, and shall be at least ¼ in. [12.5 mm] from flame-cut or heat-affected-zone surfaces.

11.4.4.2 A steel thermal buffer pad, 1 in. [25 mm] by 17 in. [432 mm] by at least 3T, shall be joined to the plate edge by a partial penetration weld completely sealing the buffered edge prior to heat treatment.

11.4.4.3 Thermal insulation or other thermal barriers shall be used during the heat treatment adjacent to the plate edge where the test specimens are to be removed. It shall be demonstrated that the cooling rate of the test specimen is no faster than, and not substantially slower than, that attained by the method described in 11.4.4.2.

11.4.4.4 When test coupons cut from the plate but heat treated separately are used, each coupon dimensions shall be not less than 3T by 3T by T, and the tension test specimen cut from it shall meet the requirements of 11.4.4.1.

11.4.5 If cooling rate data for the plate and cooling rate control devices for the test coupons are available, the test coupons may be heat treated separately in the device, provided that this method is approved by the purchaser.

11.5 Test Specimen Preparation

11.5.1 Tension test specimens for plates ¾ in. [20 mm] and under in thickness shall be the full thickness of the plates. The test specimens shall conform to the requirements for either the 1½-in. [40-mm] wide or the ½-in. [12.5-mm] wide rectangular tension test specimen of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The 1½-in. [40-mm] wide test specimen may have both edges parallel. The ½-in. [12.5-mm] wide specimen may have a maximum nominal thickness of ¾ in. [20 mm].

11.5.2 For plates up to 4 in. [100 mm] inclusive, in thickness, tension test specimens may be the full thickness of the plate and conform to the requirements for the 1½-in. [40-mm] wide rectangular tension test specimen of Test Methods and Definitions A370 if adequate testing machine capacity is available.

11.5.3 For plates over ¾ in. [20 mm] in thickness, except as permitted in 11.5.2, tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements for the 0.500-in. [12.5-mm] diameter test specimen of Test Methods and Definitions A370. For plates between ¾ in. [20 mm] and 1-1/2 in. [40 mm] inclusive in thickness, the axis of the test specimen shall be located at 1/2 T, the center of the thickness. For plates over 1-1/2 in. [40 mm], the axis of the test specimen shall be located at 1/4T, midway between the center of the thickness and the top or the bottom surface of the plate.

11.6 Elongation Requirement Adjustments

11.6.1 Due to the specimen geometry effect encountered when using the rectangular tension test specimen for testing thin plate, adjustments in elongation requirements must be provided for thicknesses under 0.312 in. [8 mm]. Accordingly, the following deductions shall be made from the base elongation requirements in the applicable product specification:

Elongation Deductions for Thin Plates

Plate Nominal Thickness Range, in. [mm] Elongation Deduction, %
0.299–0.311 [7.60–7.89] 0.5
0.286–0.298 [7.30–7.59] 1.0
0.273–0.285 [7.00–7.29] 1.5
0.259–0.272 [6.60–6.99] 2.0
0.246–0.258 [6.20–6.59] 2.5
0.233–0.245 [5.90–6.19] 3.0
0.219–0.232 [5.50–5.89] 3.5
0.206–0.218 [5.20–5.49] 4.0
0.193–0.205 [4.90–5.19] 4.5
less than 0.193 [4.90] 5.0

11.6.2 Due to the inherently lower elongation that is obtainable in thicker plate, adjustments in elongation requirements in 2-in. [50-mm] gage length shall be provided for thicknesses over 3.5 in. [90 mm]. Accordingly, the following deductions shall be made from the base elongation requirements in 2 in. [50 mm] prescribed in the applicable product specification:

Elongation Deductions for Thick Plates

Plate Nominal Thickness Range, in. [mm] Elongation Deduction, %
3.501–3.999 [90.00–102.49] 0.5
4.000–4.499 [102.50–114.99] 1.0
4.500–4.999 [115.00–127.49] 1.5
5.000–5.499 [127.50–139.99] 2.0
5.500–5.999 [140.0–152.49] 2.5
6.000 and thicker [152.5 and thicker] 3.0

11.6.3 A characteristic increase in the degree of necking is a local disproportionate decrease of thickness of the test specimens during the tension test, resulting in a decrease in the percentage of elongation as the gage length is increased. The effect is not so pronounced in thicker plates. For such material, if so stated in the applicable product specification for plates up to ¾ in. [20 mm],inclusive, in thickness, if the percentage of elongation of an 8-in. [200-mm] gage length test specimen falls not more than 3 percentage points below the amount prescribed, the elongation shall be considered satisfactory if the percentage of elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] across the break is not less than 25 %.

11.6.4 The tensile requirements tables in many of the product specifications covered by this general requirements specification specify elongation requirements in both 8-in. [200-mm] and 2-in. [50-mm] gage lengths. Unless otherwise mentioned are not required to be applied simultaneously, and the elongation need only be determined in the gage length appropriate for the test specimen used. After selection of the appropriate gage length, the elongation requirement for the alternative gage length shall be deemed not applicable.

11.7 This specification does not provide requirements for product tension testing subsequent to shipment (see 15.1). Therefore, the requirements of 11.1 through 11.6 and Section 16 apply only for tests conducted at the place of manufacture prior to shipment. Compliance to Specification A20/A20M and the applicable product specification does not preclude the possibility that product tension test results will vary outside specified ranges. The tension properties may vary within the same plate-as-rolled or piece, be it as-rolled, control-rolled, or heat-treated. The purchaser should, therefore, be aware that tension testing in accordance with the requirements of Specification A20/A20M does not provide assurance that all products of a plate-as-rolled will be identical in tensile properties with the products tested. If the purchaser wishes to have more confidence that that provided by Specification A20/A20M testing procedures, additional testing or requirements, such as Supplementary Requirement S4, should be imposed.

11.8 Appendix X2 provides additional information on the variability of tensile properties in plates for pressure vessels.

12. Notch-Toughness Tests

12.1 Charpy V-Notch Tests

12.1.1 Number of Tests—If Charpy V-Notch tests are specified, except for quenched and tempered plates, and except as allowed by 12.1.1.1 and 12.1.1.2, one impact test (3 specimens) for each specified orientation (see 12.1.2) shall be made from each plate-as-rolled. For quenched and tempered plates, one impact test shall be made from each plate, as heat treated.

12.1.1.1 Plates Ordered Without the Heat Treatment Specified by the Applicable Product Specification—Coupons for Charpy V-notch tests shall be taken in accordance with the same requirements as given for tensile test coupons in 11.4.2 and 11.4.3.

12.1.1.2 Plates Produced from Coil—If Charpy V-notch tests are specified, the number of impact tests required shall be the same as the number specified for tension tests in 11.1.2 or 11.1.3, whichever is applicable. The test coupons shall be taken from the material after decoiling and leveling.

12.1.2 Orientation of Test Specimens

The long axis of the test specimens shall be oriented either longitudinal (parallel to the final direction of rolling) or transverse (transverse to the final direction of rolling), as ordered in the applicable product specification or the purchase order.

12.1.3 Location of Test Coupons

The impact test couponsshall be taken adjacent to the tension test coupons. The impacttest coupons shall be subject to the same requirements as thosespecifed for tension tests in 11.4, except that the provisions of 11.4.4.1 apply to the area under the notch of the impact testspecimen instead of to the gage length of the tension testspecimen.

12.1.4 Test Method

Impact testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 using Charpy V-Notch (A370) specimens as shown in Test Methods and Definitions A370. Except as allowed by 12.1.4, full-size specimens (0.394 by 0.394 in. [10 by 10 mm]) shall be used if the plate thickness permits, and their central axis shall correspond as near as practical to the ¼t plane in the plate thickness t. If the plate thickness is insufficient to obtain full-size specimens, the largest possible subsize specimens shall be used.

12.1.4.1 For plates that normally have absorbed energy values in excess of 180 ft·lbf [245 J] if tested using full-size specimens at the specified testing temperature, subsize 0.394 by 0.264 in. [10 by 6.7 mm] specimens may be used in lieu of full-size specimens; however, if this option is used, the acceptance value shall be 75 ft·lbf [100 J] minimum for each test specimen and the lateral expansion in mils [micrometres] shall be reported.

12.1.5 Test Temperature

The test temperature shall be as specified by the product specification,if applicable, or by the purchaser, except that the manufacturer or processor shall have the option of using a lower test temperature. The actual test temperature used shall be reported with the test results.

12.1.6 Acceptance Criteria

The acceptance criteria shall be as specified by the product specification, or applicable, or the purchaser.

12.1.6.1 If the acceptance criteria is based upon energy absorption of a full-size specimen, the acceptance criteria for the various subsize specimens shall be as given in TableA1.16 [A2.16], except as otherwise provided in 12.1.4.1.

If the acceptance criterion is based upon lateral expansion opposite the notch, the acceptance value shall be the same for all sizes of test specimens.

12.1.7 Marking

The letters “LTV” shall be stenciled or stamped on each plate following the class number, grade, etc.

12.1.8 Variability

The impact properties of steel can vary within the same plate-as-rolled or piece, be it as-rolled, control-rolled, orheat-treated. The purchaser should, therefore, be aware that testing of one plate-as-rolled does not provide assurance that all locations within a plate-as-rolled will be identical in toughness with the location tested. Normalizing or quenching and tempering the product will reduce the degree of variation.

12.1.8.1 Appendix X3 provides additional information on the variability of Charpy V-notch test properties in plates for pressure vessels.

12.2 Drop-Weight Tests

12.2.1 Where specified, one drop-weight test, consisting of a set of two test specimens, shall be made to the same frequency stated in 12.1.1 in accordance with Test Method E208.

12.2.2 The test coupons shall be obtained adjacent to a tension test coupon. For plates produced from coil, the test coupon locations shall be the same as for Charpy V-notch tests (see 12.1.3). The provisions of 12.1.3 shall apply.

12.2.3 The testing temperature shall be as specified in the applicable product specification or the purchase order.

12.2.4 Acceptance shall be on the basis of no-break performance of both test specimens at the specified testing temperature.

12.2.5 The plates shall be marked as required in 12.1.7, except that the letters “LTD” shall be used instead of “LTV.”

13. Identification of Plates

13.1 Required Markings

13.1.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, plates shall be legibly marked with the following information: applicable ASTM designation (see 1.1) (year of issue not required); “G” or “MT” if applicable (see 13.2); applicable grade, type, and class; heat number; plate identifier; and name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer (for plates produced in discrete cut lengths of flat product) or the processor (for plates produced from coil and for subdivided plates (see 13.4)).

13.1.2 Plates that are required to be heat treated, but have not been so heat treated, shall be marked by the manufacturer or processor, with the letter “G” (denoting green) following the required ASTM designation mark, except that “G” marking is not necessary if such plates are for shipment, for the purpose of obtaining the required heat treatment, to an organization under the manufacturer’s control. Plates that are required to be heat treated, and have been so heat treated, shall be marked, by the party that performed the heat treatment, with the letters “MT” (denoting material treated) following the required ASTM designation mark.

Note 2—Any stress relief of test specimens intended to simulate post-weld heat treatment is not included in the above heat treatment.

13.2 Types of Marking

13.2.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for plates over ¼ in. [6 mm] in thickness shall be by steel die stamping, unless paint marking is specified in the purchase order.

13.2.2 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for plates ¼ in. [6 mm] and under in thickness shall be by paint marking or by steel die stamping using low-stress (either round-nose or interrupted-dot) impressions.

13.3 Location of Markings

13.3.1 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for plates with a maximum lengthwise or crosswise dimension more than 72 in. [1800 mm] shall be in at least two places on the plate, at least 12 in. [300 mm] from the edges of the plate.

13.3.2 Except as allowed by 13.4, the required markings for plates with a maximum lengthwise and crosswise dimension of 72 in. [1800 mm] or less shall be in at least one place on each finished edge of the plate, approximately midway between the center and the edge of the plate.

13.4 Subdivided Plates

13.4.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer or processor, each subdivided plate (a plate separated from a master plate) shall be legibly marked with the name, brand, or trademark of the organization that subdivided the plate plus a code traceable to the required markings, provided that the information required in 13.1, cross referenced to that code, is furnished with the plates.

13.4.2 By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer or processor, subdivided plates that have the same master plate and placed in secured lifts shall be from the information required in 13.1, paint marked on the top piece of each lift or shown on a substantial tag attached to each lift.

13.5 Bar Coding

In addition to the requirements of 13.1 to 13.4 inclusive, the manufacturer or processor shall have the option of using bar coding as a supplementary identification method.

Note 3—Bar coding should be consistent with AIAG Standard B1.

14. Permissible Variations in Dimensions or Mass

14.1 One cubic foot of rolled steel shall be assumed to weigh 490 lb, unless otherwise stated in the applicable product specification. One cubic metre of rolled steel is assumed to have a mass of 7850 kg, unless otherwise stated in the applicable product specification.

14.2 For carbon steel plates the permissible variations for dimensions shall not exceed the applicable limits stated in Annex A1, Table A1.1 to Table A1.9, and Table A1.13 [Annex A2, Table A2.1 to Table A2.9, and Table A2.13].

14.3 For alloy steel plates the permissible variations for dimensions shall not exceed the applicable limits stated in Annex 1, Table A1.1 to Table A1.4, Table A1.8, and Table A1.10 to Table A1.13 [Annex 2, Table A2.1 to Table A2.4, Table A2.8 and Table A2.10 to Table A2.13].

14.4 Permitted variations on length and width for plates supplied on other than strip mills as mill edge shall be at the discretion ofthe manufacturer unless otherwise agreed to with the purchaser. For mill edge carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy, and alloy plates produced on strip mills, the permitted variation in width shall notexceed the applicable limitstatedin TableA1.17 [A2.16]. For mill edge carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy, and alloy plates produced on mill other than strip mills the permitted variation in width stated in Table A1.17 [A2.16] may be specified only upon agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Mill edge plates as delivered shall be capable of being trimmed by the purchaser to the required final rectangular size ordered.

14.5 Conversions ofPermitted Variations from Fractions of an Inch to Decimals—Permitted variations in dimensions for products covered by this specification are generally given as fractions of inch and these remain the official permitted variations, where so stated. Ifthe material is to be measured by equipment reporting dimensions as decimals, conversion of permitted variations from fractions ofan inch to decimals shall be made to three decimal places; using the rounding method prescribed in Practice E29.

15. Inspection and Testing

15.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have entry at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern the manufacture of the plate ordered. The manu-facturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to be satisfied that the plate is being furnished in accordance with this general requirements specification, the applicable product specification, and the purchase order. All tests (except product analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of manu-facture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the manufacturer’s works.

15.2 Ifplates are produced from coil, 15.1 shall apply to the “processor” instead ofto the “manufacturer” and the “place of process” shall apply instead of the “place of manufacture.” If plates are produced from coil and the processor is different fromthe manufacturer, the inspectorrepresenting the purchaser shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufac-turer’s works that concern the manufacture of the plate ordered.

16. Retests

16.1 Tension Test

In addition to the provisions of Test Methods and Definitions A370, the following retest provisions shall apply:

16.1.1 If any test specimen shows defective machining, or develops flaws, it may be discarded and another test specimen substituted.

16.1.2 If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than thatspecified, and any partofthe fracture is more than 3⁄4 in. [20 mm] from the center ofthe gage length of a 2-in. [50-mm] test specimen or is outside the middle half of the gage length of an 8-in. [200-mm] test specimen as indicated by scribe marks on the test specimen before testing, one retest shall be allowed.

16.1.3 If the results from an original tension test specimen fail to meet the specified requirements but are within 2 ksi [10 MPa] of the required tensile strength or within 1 ksi [5 MPa] of the required yield strength or yield point, or within 2 percentage points of the required elongation or reduction of area, one retest shall be permitted to replace the failing test.

16.1.4 The results of the retest shall meet the specified requirements.

16.2 Charpy V-Notch Tests

16.2.1 The retest provisions of Test Methods and Definitions A370 shall apply, except that the 5 ft·lbf [7 J] absolute minimum for an individual specimen shall not apply if two thirds of the specified minimum average is less than 5 ft·lbf [7 J].

16.2.2 If Charpy V-notch impact test lateral expansion values are specified, if the value of one specimen falls below the specified minimum value and not below 2⁄3 ofthe specified minimum value, and if the average of the three specimens equals or exceeds the specified minimum value, a retest of three additional specimens may be made. Each of the three retest specimens shall equal or exceed the specified minimum value.

16.2.3 If the required values are not obtained on Charpy V-notch retests as specified in 16.2.1 and 16.2.2, or if the values in the initial testare below the values required forretest, no further retests are permitted unless the plate is heat treated or reheat treated. After heat treatment or reheat treatment, a set of three specimens shall be tested and each shall equal or exceed the specified minimum value.

16.2.4 16.2.4 If the option of 12.1.4.1 is used and the test result falls below the 75 ft·lbf[100 J] minimumspecified, anothertest may be made using full-size test specimens.

17. Reheatment

17.1 If any heat-treated plate fails to meet the mechanical requirements of the applicable product specification, the manufacturer or processor shall have the option of heat treating the plate again. All mechanical-property tests shall be repeated and the plate shall be reexamined for surface defects when it is submitted for inspection.

18. Rejection

18.1 Any rejection based upon product analysis made in accordance with the applicable product specification shall be reported to the supplier and samples that represent the rejected plate shall be preserved for 2 weeks from the date of notification of such rejection. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the supplier shall have the option of making claim for the reheating within that time.

18.2 Plates that show injurious defects subsequent to their acceptance at the manufacturer’s or processor’s works may be rejected. In such cases, the manufacturer or processor shall be notified.

19. Test Reports

19.1 The manufacturer or processor shall report the results of all tests required by the applicable product specification, the applicable supplementary requirements, and the purchase order. The heat number, the plate identifier of the plate tested, and the year-date of the specification to which the plates are furnished shall be included in the test report.

19.1.1 In reporting elongation values, both the percentage and the original gage length shall be stated.

19.2 For plates rolled from a strand-cast slab with a reduction ratio in the range from 2.0:1 to 3.0:1, exclusive, the specific practices (see 5.3.4 and 5.3.6) that were used by the manufacturer shall be reported, and the test reports shall state that the limitations of 5.3 have been met.

19.3 All heat treatment, exclusive of subcritical heating to soften thermally cut edges, shall be reported, including tem-perature ranges and times at temperature. This exclusion does not apply to those plates with specified minimum tensile strengths of95 ksi [655 MPa] or higher, unless such subcritical heating is accomplished at temperatures at least 75°F [40°C] below the minimum tempering temperature. The reports shall state whether the plates only, the test coupons only, or both plates and test coupons were heat treated.

19.4 If Charpy V-notch tests are specified, the test specimen size used shall be reported.

19.5 19.5 Ifso specified in the purchaser order, the manufacturer shall also furnish a certificate of compliance stating that the plates have been manufactured, inspected, and tested in accor-dance with the requirements of the applicable product specifi-cation. For plates produced from coil, the processor shall furnish the required certification.

19.6 For plates produced from coil and furnished without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the results of all tests required by 11.1.2 shall be reported for each qualifying coil.

19.7 Plates that are required to be heat treated, but have not been so heat treated, shall be certified by the responsible manufacturer on the basis of tests made on heat treated coupons and such tests shall be made and reported. For plates where the heattreatmentofthe coupons consists ofquench and tempering, the manufacturer or processor responsible for the heattreatmentofthe plate shall repeatany required mechanical tests after plate heat treatment and they shall be the basis for final certification of the plate.

19.8 A signature is not required on the test report; however, the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the report. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organizationsubmitting the reportis responsible forthe content of the report.

19.9 Copies of the original manufacturer’s test report shall be included with any subsequent test report.

19.10 A test report, certificate of compliance, or similar document printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be re-garded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI transmission is responsible for the content of the report.

20. Packaging, Marking, and Loading for Shipment

20.1 Packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be in accordance with those procedures recommended by Guide A700.

20.2 For USA Government Procurement—Marking for shipment of material for civil agencies shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.

21. Keywords

21.1 general delivery requirements; pressure containing parts; pressure vessel steels; steel; steel plates; steel plates for pressure vessel applications

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use if desired by the purchaser. Those that are considered suitable for use with a product specification are listed in the product specification. Other tests may be performed by agreement between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser. These supplementary requirements shall apply only if specified in the purchase order, in which event the specified tests shall be made by the manufacturer or processor before shipment of the plates.

S1. Vacuum Treatment

S1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that includes vacuum degassing while molten. Unless otherwise agreed upon with the purchaser, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to select suitable process procedures.

S2. Product Analysis

S2.1 A product analysis shall be made of each plate as rolled. The specimens for analysis shall be taken adjacent to or from a broken tension test specimen.

S3. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical Test Coupons

S3.1 Prior to testing, the test coupons representing the plate for acceptance purposes for mechanical properties shall be thermally treated to simulate a post-weld heat treatment below the critical temperature (Ac3), using the heat treatment param-eters (such as temperature range, time, and cooling rates) specified in the purchase order. Fortests using specimens taken from such heat treated test coupons, the test results shall meet the requirements of the applicable product specification. Test-ing need only be performed and reported in the simulated post-weld heat treated condition.

S4. Additional Tension Test

S4.1 Other Than Quenched-and-TemperedPlates—In addi-tion to the required single tension test, a second tension test shall be made using a test specimen taken from a test coupon taken from a corner of the plate-as-rolled on the end opposite the single test specimen and in a direction parallel to the single test specimen. The results obtained using this second test specimen shall meetthe requirements ofthe applicable product specification.

S4.2 Quenched-and-Tempered Plates 2 in. [50 mm] or Greaterin Thickness—In addition to the required tension tests, two additional test coupons shall be taken from the bottom corner ofthe plate. One shall be taken at the center ofthe plate thickness and the other immediately beneath the surface. Mandatory conformance of these additional tests with the specified properties shall be a matter ofagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

S5. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test

S5.1 Charpy V-notch impact tests shall be conducted in accordance with 12.1.

S5.2 The orientation of the test specimens, whether longitudinal or transverse to the direction of rolling, shall be as specified in the purchase order.

S5.3 The test temperature and the required acceptance criteria, if other than those required in 12.1, shall be as specified in the purchase order.

S5.4 The recorded results shall include test specimen orientation, test specimen size, test temperature, absorbed energy values, and, if specified in the purchase order for other than Class VI plates, lateral expansion opposite the notch. The percent shear fracture appearance shall also be recorded if specified in the purchase order.

S6. Drop-Weight Test(s) for Plates 0.625 in. [16 mm] and Over in Thickness

S6.1 Drop-weighttests shallbe made inaccordance withthe requirements of Test Method E208. The specimens shall represent the plates in the final condition of heat treatment. Agreement shall be reached between the purchaser and the manufacturer or processor as to the number of plates to be tested and whethera maximum NDT temperature is mandatory or if the test results are for information only.

S7. High-Temperature Tension Tests

S7.1 A short-time elevated temperature tension test shall be made to represent each plate or each heat of steel as indicated by the purchaser. The specimens fortesting shall be obtainedas required for the room temperature tension tests specified in the body of this general requirements specification. The high-temperature tests shall be made in accordance with the require-ments of Test Methods E21. Mandatory conformance of such additional tests with the specified properties shall be a matter for agreement between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser.

S8. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A435/ A435M

S8.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance with the requirements of Specification A435/A435M.

S9. Magnetic Particle Examination

S9.1 All plate edges shall be examined by magnetic particles in accordance with the procedures covered by Guide E709. The acceptability of defects revealed by this examination shall be judged in accordance with the requirements for quality in 9.3.

S10. Charpy V-Notch Impact Transition Curve

S10.1 Jufficientimpacttests ofthe same specimen size shall be made from the plate test material to establish a transition curve. The test temperature range shall be wide enough to establish the upper and lower shelf energies, with sufficient testing at intermediate temperatures to permit plotting a rea-sonable smooth curve. A plot of the data is not required. The manufacturer shall report the specimen orientation, test temperature, and absorbed energy for each specimen tested. Lateral expansion and percent shear shall also be reported when specified in the purchase order. The number of plates tested and the specimen orientation shall be the same as in 12.1 unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.

S11. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A577/ A577M

S11.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance with all the requirements of Specification A577/A577M.

S12. Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance with A578/ A578M

S12.1 All plates shall be ultrasonically examined in accordance with all the requirements of Specification A578/A578M. The acceptance level shall be as specified in the purchase order.

S13. NDT Temperature Determination

S13.1 The NDT temperature shall be established in accordance with Test Method E208 using coupons from a single plate. The number of plates to be tested shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer or processor.

S15. Reduction of Area Measurement

S15.1 A reduction of area measurement shall be taken while making the required tension test. Reduction of area shall be determined only on the 0.500-in. [12.5-mm] round specimen as shown in Fig. 5 of Test Methods and Definitions A370. The minimum acceptance limit shall be 40%.

S16. Thermal Stress Relief of Mechanical Test Coupons

S16.1 Test coupons representing the plates shall be stress relieved by gradually and uniformly heating them to a temperature range 1100 to 1200°F [595 to 650°C], or a temperature range otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser, holding at temperature for at least 1 h/in. [2.4 minutes/mm] of thickness and cooling in still air to a temperature not exceeding 600°F [315°C].

S17. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steel

S17.1 Material shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the silicon content at the time of vacuum deoxidizing shall be 0.12 % maximum, and the content of deoxidizers such as aluminum, zirconium, and titanium should be kept low enough to allow deoxidation by carbon. The test report shall indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized. The minimum heat analysis and product analysis requirements for silicon do not apply to vacuum carbon-deoxidized steel.

S19. Restricted Chemical Requirements

S19.1 Restricted heat analysis and product analysis limits are applicable, as specified in the purchase order.

S20. Maximum Carbon Equivalent for Weldability

S20.1 Plates shall be supplied with a specific maximum carbon equivalent. This value shall be based upon the heat analysis required chemical analysis as well as the carbon equivalent required.

S20.2 The carbon equivalent shall be calculated using the following formula:

CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15

S20.3 The maximum value of the carbon equivalent for carbon steels (including C-Mn, C-Mn-Si, C-Mn-Si-Al steels), are given in Table S20.1.

TABLE S20.1 Maximum Carbon Equivalent for Weldability

Specified Minimum UTS Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
ksi [MPa] Thickness up to 2 in. [50 mm] Thickness over 2 in. [50 mm]
60 ≤ UTS ＜ 70 [415 ≤ UTS ＜ 485] 0.45 0.46
70 ≤ UTS ＜ 80 [485 ≤ UTS ＜ 550] 0.47 0.48A
UTS ≥ 80 [UTS ≥550] 0.48A B …

A If simulated PWHT of the test coupons is specified (S3), the maximum carbon equivalent value may be increased up to 0.50 upon agreement between purchaser and supplier.

B Applicable to quenched-and-tempered material; for other conditions, maximum carbon equivalent shall be by agreement between purchaser and supplier.

S21. Restricted Limits on Elements

For each heat, based upon the heat analysis, the content shall not exceed 0.35 % for copper, 0.25 % for nickel, 0.25 % for chromium, 0.08 % for molybdenum, or 0.70 % for the sum of those four elements.

S22. Through-Thickness Tension Tests

S22.1 Through-thickness tension tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements of Specification A770/A770M. (See Ordering Information in Specification A770/A770M for the additional information that may be needed.)

S24. Strain Age Test

S24.1 Test coupons shall be given a strain age treatment designated by the purchaser. Charpy V-notch tests shall be conducted on the strained aged specimens. Heat treatment, strain aging, test temperature, and acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser.

S25. Weldability

S25.1 Weldability tests shall be conducted. The type of test and the acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser.

S26. Low-Sulfur Steels

S26.1 The steel shall be made to 0.010 % sulfur maximum. Lower sulfur levels and sulfide shape control practices can be specified by agreement between the manufacturer or processor and the purchaser.

S27. Restrictive Plate Flatness

S27.1 Carbon steel plates, as-rolled or normalized, shall conform to the permissible restrictive variations from flatness given in Table S27.1 or Table S27.2.

S27.2 High-strength low-alloy steel plates, as-rolled or normalized, shall conform to the permissible restrictive variations from flatness given in Table S27.3 or Table S27.4.

TABLE S27.1 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed ¼ in. in each direction. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than ¼ in.

Note 4—The variations given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 60 ksi or comparable chemistry or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the permissible variations are 1½ times the amounts shown in the table below.

Note 5—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 6—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.

Note 7—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.

Note 8—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, in. Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, incl
To ¼, excl ¾ 15/16 Z Z Z Z
¼ to ⅜, excl 9/16 ¾ 7/8 15/16 1-1/16 1-⅛
⅜ to ½, excl 5/16 5/16 3/8 7/16 ½ 9/16
½ to ¾, excl 5/16 5/16 5/16 ⅜ ½ ½
¾ to 1, excl 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16 ⅜ 7/16
1 to 2, incl ¼ 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16 ⅜

TABLE S27.2 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 3700 mm in length, or in any 3700 mm of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 6 mm in each direction. When the longer dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 6 mm.

Note 4—The variations given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 415 MPa or comparable chemistry or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the permissible variations are 1½ times the amounts shown in the table below.

Note 5—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 6—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.

Note 7—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.

Note 8—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, mm Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
1200 to 1500, excl 1500 to 1800, excl 1800 to 2100, excl 2100 to 2400, excl 2400 to 2700, excl 2700 to 3000, incl
To 6, excl 18 24 Z Z Z Z
6 to 10, excl 15 18 22 24 27 29
10 to 12, excl 8 8 10 11 13 15
12 to 20, excl 7 8 8 10 13 13
20 to 25, excl 7 8 8 8 10 11
25 to 50, excl 7 7 7 8 8 8

TABLE S27.3 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed ¼ in. in each direction. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 3/8 in.

Note 4—This table and these notes cover the flatness variations of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 5—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.

Note 6—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.

Note 7—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, in. Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, incl
To ¼, excl 1-1/16 1-7/16 Z Z Z Z
¼ to ⅜, excl ⅞ 1-1/16 1-5/16 1-7/16 1-1/2 1-11/16
3/8 to ½, excl ½ ½ 9/16 11/16 3/4 13/16
½ to 3/4, excl 7/16 7/16 ½ 9/16 ⅝ 11/16
3/4 to 1, excl 7/16 7/16 ½ ½ 9/16 11/16
1 to 2, incl ⅜ 7/16 7/16 ½ ½ ½

S27.4 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates (Metric Flatness)

S27.4 High-strength low-alloy steel plates, as-rolled or normalized, shall conform to the permissible restrictive variations from flatness given in Table S27.4.

TABLE S27.4 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates As-Rolled or Normalized Ordered to Restrictive Flatness

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 3700 mm in length, or in any 3700 mm of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 10 mm in each direction. When the larger dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the permissible flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 10 mm.

Note 4—This table and these notes cover the variations for flatness of circular and sketch plates based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 5—Waviness tolerances for rectangular plates, universal mill plates, and circular and sketch plates do not apply.

Note 6—A “Z” indicates that there is no published restricted value for the size.

Note 7—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, mm Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
1200 to 1500, excl 1500 to 1800, excl 1800 to 2100, excl 2100 to 2400, excl 2400 to 2700, excl 2700 to 3000, incl
To 6, excl 27 36 Z Z Z Z
6 to 10, excl 22 27 33 36 39 43
10 to 12, excl 12 12 15 17 19 21
12 to 20, excl 11 11 13 15 16 18
20 to 25, excl 11 11 12 13 15 17
25 to 50, excl 10 11 11 12 13 13

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—INCH-POUND UNITS

A1.1 Listed below are permissible variations in dimensions, and notch toughness information, expressed in inch-pound units of measurement.

TABLE A1.1 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Plates

Note 1—Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.01 in. When so specified, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted variations applies.

Note 2—Thickness to be measured at 3/8 to ¾ in. from the longitudinal edge.

Note 3—For thickness measured at any location other than that specified in Note 2, the permissible maximum over-tolerance shall be increased by 75 %, rounded to the nearest 0.01 in.

Specified Thickness, in. Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given, in.
48 and under Over 48 to 60 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, excl 120 to 132, excl 132 to 144, excl 144 to 168, excl 168 to 182, excl 182 and over
To ¼, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 … … …
¼ to 5/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 … … …
5/16 to 3/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 … …
3/8 to 7/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 …
7/16 to ½, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 …
½ to 5/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 …
5/8 to 3/4, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07
3/4 to 1, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
1 to 2, excl 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.16
2 to 3, excl 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 …
3 to 4, excl 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.17 …
4 to 6, excl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 …
6 to 10, excl 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.28 …
10 to 12, excl 0.29 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.35 …
12 to 15, incl 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 …

TABLE A1.2 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 1½ in. and Under in Thickness; Length Only for Universal Mill Plates 2½ in. and Under in Thickness

Specified Dimensions, in. Permissible Variations over Specified Width and LengthA for Thicknesses Given in inches, in.
To 3/8, excl 3/8 to 5/8, excl 5/8 to 1, excl 1 to 2, inclB
Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 120, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 ½ 7/16 5/8 ½ ¾ 5/8 1
60 to 84, excl 7/16 5/8 ½ 11/16 5/8 7/8 ¾ 1
84 to 108, excl ½ ¾ 5/8 7/8 ¾ 1 1 1-1/8
108 and over 5/8 7/8 ¾ 1 7/8 1-1/8 1-1/8 1-¼
120 to 240, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 ¾ ½ 7/8 5/8 1 ¾ 1-1/8
60 to 84, excl ½ ¾ 5/8 7/8 ¾ 1 7/8 1-1/4
84 to 108, excl 9/16 7/8 11/16 15/16 13/16 1-1/8 1 1-3/8
108 and over 5/8 1 ¾ 1-1/8 7/8 1-¼ 1-1/8 1-3/8
240 to 360, excl over 8 to 60, excl 3/8 1 ½ 1-1/8 5/8 1-¼ 3/4 1-½
60 to 84, excl ½ 1 5/8 1-1/8 ¾ 1-1/4 7/8 1-½
84 to 108, excl 9/16 1 11/16 1-1/8 7/8 1-3/8 1 1-½
108 and over 11/16 1-1/8 7/8 1-¼ 1 1-3/8 1-¼ 1-3/4
360 to 480, excl over 8 to 60, excl 7/16 1-1/8 ½ 1-¼ 5/8 1-3/8 3/4 1-5/8
60 to 84, excl ½ 1-¼ 5/8 1-3/8 ¾ 1-1/2 7/8 1-5/8
84 to 108, excl 9/16 1-¼ ¾ 1-3/8 7/8 1-1/2 1 1-7/8
108 and over ¾ 1-3/8 7/8 1-½ 1 1-5/8 1-¼ 1-7/8
480 to 600, excl over 8 to 60, excl 7/16 1-1/4 ½ 1-½ 5/8 3/4 1-7/8 1-7/8
60 to 84, excl ½ 1-3/8 5/8 1-½ ¾ 1-5/8 3/4 1-7/8
84 to 108, excl 5/8 1-3/8 ¾ 1-½ 7/8 1-5/8 1 1-7/8
108 and over 3/4 1-½ 7/8 1-5/8 1 1-3/4 1-¼ 1-7/8
600 to 720, excl over 8 to 60, excl ½ 1-3/4 5/8 1-7/8 ¾ 1-7/8 7/8 2-¼
60 to 84, excl 5/8 1-3/4 ¾ 1-7/8 7/8 1-7/8 1 2-¼
84 to 108, excl 5/8 1-3/4 3/4 1-7/8 7/8 1-7/8 1-1/8 2-¼
108 and over 7/8 1-3/4 1 2 1-1/8 2-¼ 1-¼ 2-½
720 and over over 8 to 60, excl 9/16 2 ¾ 2-1/8 7/8 2-¼ 1 2-3/4
60 to 84, excl ¾ 2 7/8 2-1/8 1 2-¼ 1-1/8 2-3/4
84 to 108, excl ¾ 2 7/8 2-1/8 1 2-¼ 1-¼ 2-3/4
108 and over 1 2 1-1/8 2-3/8 1-1/4 2-½ 1-3/8 3
A Permissible variation under specified width and length: ¼ in. By agreement, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted variations applies.
B Permissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 12 in. in width for thicknesses over 2 to 2½ in., incl, except for alloy steel up to 2 in. thick.

TABLE A1.3 Permissible Variations in Rolled Width for Universal Mill Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy-Steel Plates 15 in. and under in Thickness

Note 1—Permissible variation under specified width shall be ⅛ in.

Specified Width, in. Variations Over Specified Width for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 3/8, excl 3/8 to 5/8, excl 5/8 to 1, excl 1 to 2, incl Over 2 to 10, incl Over 10 to 15, incl
Over 8 to 20, excl 1/8 1/8 3/16 ¼ ⅜ ½
20 to 36, excl 3/16 ¼ 5/16 3/8 7/16 9/16
36 and over 5/16 ⅜ 7/16 ½ 9/16 5/8

TABLE A1.4 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Sheared Circular Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy Steel Plates 1 in. and under in Thickness

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.

Specified Diameter, in. Permissible Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 3/8, excl 3/8 to 5/8, excl 5/8 to 1, incl
To 32, excl ¼ 3/8 ½
32 to 84, excl 5/16 7/16 9/16
84 to 108, excl ⅜ ½ 5/8
108 to 130, incl 7/16 9/16 11/16

TABLE A1.5 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required

Note 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.

Note 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length only.

Specified Thickness, in. Variations Over for All Specified Widths or Lengths, in.
To 2, excl ½
2 to 4, excl 5/8
4 to 6, excl ¾
6 to 8, excl 7/8
8 to 15, incl 1

TABLE A1.6 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut Circular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter

Specified Diameter, in. Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 1, excl 1 to 2, excl 2 to 4, excl 4 to 6, excl 6 to 8, excl 8 to 15, incl
To 32, excl ⅜ ⅜ ½ ½ 5/8 ¾
32 to 84, excl 3/8 ½ ½ 5/8 ¾ 7/8
84 to 108, excl ½ 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
108 to 130, excl ½ 9/16 11/16 7/8 1 1-1/8
130 and over 5/8 ¾ 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-¼

A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—INCH-POUND UNITS (Continued)

TABLE A1.7 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates all Thicknesses

Note 1—Camber, as relates to plates, is all horizontal edge curvature in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat position.

Maximum permissible camber, in. = ¼ in. × (number of feet of length)/5

TABLE A1.8 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Universal Mill Plates and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates

Dimension, in. Camber for Thickness and Widths Given
Thickness Width
To 2, incl all 1/8 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
Over 2 to 15, incl to 30, incl 3/16 in. × (number of feet of length/5)
Over 2 to 15, incl over 30 ¼ in. × (number of feet of length)/5)

TABLE A1.9 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed ¼ in. in each direction. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., inclusive, the flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than ¼ in.

Note 4—The tolerances given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 60 ksi or comparable chemistry or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the limits given in the table are increased to 1½ times the amounts in the above table.

Note 5—This table and notes cover the flatness tolerances of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 6—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, in. Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
Over 8 to 36, excl 36 to 48, excl 48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, excl 120 to 144, excl 144 to 168, excl 168 and over
To ¼, excl 9/16 ¾ 15/16 1-¼ 1-3/8 1-½ 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 … …
¼ to 3/8, excl ½ 5/8 ¾ 15/16 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 … …
3/8 to 1/2, excl ½ 9/16 5/8 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-¼ 1-7/8 2-1/8
1/2 to 3/4, excl 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 3/4 1 1 1-1/8 1-1/2 2
3/4 to 1, excl 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-3/8 1-3/4
1 to 2, excl 3/8 ½ ½ 9/16 9/16 5/8 5/8 5/8 11/16 1-1/8 1-½
2 to 4, excl 5/16 3/8 7/16 ½ ½ ½ ½ 9/16 5/8 7/8 1-1/8
4 to 6, excl 3/8 7/16 ½ ½ 9/16 9/16 5/8 ¾ 7/8 7/8 1
6 to 8, excl 7/16 ½ ½ 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 1 1
8 to 10, excl ½ ½ 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1
10 to 12, excl ½ 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 1 1
12 to 15, incl 5/8 ¾ 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 1 1 …

TABLE A1.10 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required

Note 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.

Note 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length only.

Specified Thickness, in. Variations Over All Specified Widths and Lengths, in.
To 2, excl 3/4
2 to 4, excl 1
4 to 6, excl 1-1/8
6 to 8, excl 1-5/16
8 to 15, incl 1-½

TABLE A1.11 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut Circular Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.

Specified Diameter, in. Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, in.
To 1, excl 1 to 2, excl 2 to 4, excl 4 to 6, excl 6 to 8, excl 8 to 15, incl
To 32, excl 1/2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 1 1
32 to 84, excl ½ 5/8 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-¼
84 to 108, excl 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8
108 to 130, incl 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-½

TABLE A1.12 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—Flatness Tolerances for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length and variation from a flat surface along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft in length, or in any 12 ft of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Tolerances for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation shall not exceed 3/8 in. When the larger dimension is from 36 to 72 in., incl, the variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 4—This table and notes cover the tolerances for flatness of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 5—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, in. Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, in.
Over 8 to 36, excl 36 to 48, excl 48 to 60, excl 60 to 72, excl 72 to 84, excl 84 to 96, excl 96 to 108, excl 108 to 120, excl 120 to 144, excl 144 to 168, excl 168 and Over
To ¼, excl 13/16 1-1/8 1-3/8 1-7/8 2 2-¼ 2-3/8 2-5/8 2-3/4 … …
¼ to 3/8, excl 3/4 15/16 1-1/8 1-3/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-¼ 2-3/8 … …
3/8 to ½, excl 3/4 7/8 15/16 15/16 1-1/8 1-5/16 1-½ 1-5/8 1-7/8 2-¾ 3-1/8
½ to ¾, excl 5/8 ¾ 13/16 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-¼ 1-3/8 1-5/8 2-1/4 3
¾ to 1, excl 5/8 3/4 7/8 7/8 15/16 1 1-1/8 1-5/16 1-½ 2 2-5/8
1 to 2, excl 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1 1 1-5/8 2-1/4
2 to 4, excl ½ 9/16 11/16 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-5/8
4 to 6, excl 9/16 11/16 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 15/16 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/4 1-½
6 to 8, excl 5/8 3/4 3/4 15/16 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-½ 1-½ 1-½
8 to 10, excl 3/4 13/16 15/16 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-½ 1-½ 1-½
10 to 12, excl 3/4 15/16 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-½ 1-½ 1-½ 1-½ 1-½
12 to 15, incl 7/8 1 1-3/16 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-½ 1-½ 1-½ 1-½ 1-½ 1-½

TABLE A1.13 Waviness Tolerances for Rectangular Plates, Universal Mill Plates, Circular Plates, and Sketch Plates

Note 1—Waviness denotes the deviation of the top or bottom surface from a horizontal line, when the plate is resting on a flat surface, as measured in an increment of less than 12 ft of length. The waviness tolerance is a function of the flatness tolerance as obtained from Tables A1.9 and A1.12.

Flatness Tolerance from Tables A1.9 and A1.12 When Number of Waves in 12 ft is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8 1/16 1/16
3/8 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8 1/16 1/16
7/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8 1/8
1/2 1/2 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8 1/16
9/16 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8
5/8 5/8 ½ 3/8 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/8
11/16 11/16 ½ 3/8 5/16 3/16 3/16 1/8
3/4 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8
13/16 13/16 5/8 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8
7/8 7/8 11/16 1/2 3/8 1/4 3/16 1/8
15/16 15/16 11/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16
1 1 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4 3/16
1-1/8 1-1/8 7/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 1/4 3/16
1-1/4 1-1/4 15/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4
1-3/8 1-3/8 1-1/16 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16 1/4
1-1/2 1-1/2 1-1/8 7/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 ¼
1-5/8 1-5/8 1-1/4 15/16 11/16 1/2 3/8 5/16
1-3/4 1-3/4 1-5/16 1 3/4 9/16 7/16 5/16
1-7/8 1-7/8 1-7/16 1-1/16 13/16 9/16 7/16 5/16
2 2 1-1/2 1-1/8 7/8 5/8 1/2/td> 3/8
2-1/8 2-1/8 1-5/8 1-3/16 7/8 11/16 1/2 3/8
2-1/4 2-1/4 1-11/16 1-1/4 15/16 11/16 9/16 3/8
2-3/8 2-3/8 1-13/16 1-5/16 1 3/4 9/16 7/16
2-1/2 2-1/2 1-7/8 1-7/16 1-1/16 13/16 9/16 7/16
2-5/8 2-5/8 2 1-1/2 2-1/8 13/16 5/8 7/16
2-3/4 2-3/4 2-1/16 1-9/16 1-1/8 7/8 5/8 1/2
2-7/8 2-7/8 2-3/16 1-5/8 1-3/16 15/16 11/16 1/2
3 3 2-¼ 1-11/16 1-¼ 15/16 11/16 9/16
3-1/8 3-1/8 2-3/8 1-3/4 1-5/16 1 3/4 9/16

TABLE A1.14 Visible Edge Indications Extending Approximately Parallel to Rolled Surfaces

Plate Specification and Thickness Acceptable Remove by Grinding Acceptable on Edges Cut in Fabrication
Depth LengthA Depth LengthA Depth LengthA
Column 1 2 3 4 5 6
Other than killed,B to 2 in., incl 1/8 in. max any over 1/8 in. to ¼ in., incl over 1 in. ¼ in. max any
Killed,C to 6 in., incl 1/16 in. max any over 1/16 in. to 1/8 in., incl over 1 in. 1/8 in. max any
Killed,C over 6 in. 1/8 in. max any over 1/8 in. to 1/2 in., incl over 1 in. ½ in. max any
A Laminar-type discontinuities 1 in. and less in length are acceptable and do not require exploration.
B Specifications: A285; A433; A442 in thicknesses to 1 in., incl; or A455.
C The specification in 1.1 of this standard, other than those listed in the above Footnote B.

TABLE A1.15 Generally Available Grade-Thickness-Normalized or Quenched and Tempered Combinations Meeting Charpy V-Notch Requirements Indicated—Minimum Test Temperature Conditions

Note 1—The minimum temperatures listed are for longitudinal tests. For transverse tests, the available minimum temperature may be somewhat higher.

Acceptance Criteria Charpy V-Notch (based on full-sized specimens) Specification and Grade Test Temperature, °F for Plate Thicknesses (Unless Otherwise Agreed Upon)
Minimum Average For 3 Specimens Minimum For 1 Specimen 1 in. and Under Over 1 in. to 2 in., incl Over 2 in. to 3 in., incl Over 3 in. to 5 in., incl
13 10 A203 Grade A -90 -90 -75 …
A203 Grade D -150 -150 -125 …
A516 Grade 55 -60 -60 -50 -50
A516 Grade 60 -60 -50 -50 -50
A516 Grade 65 -60 -50 -40 -25
A537 Class 1 (Over 2-½-4in.) … … -75 -50
A662 Grade A -75 -75 … …
A662 Grade B -60 -60 … …
15 12 A203 Grade B -90 -90 -75 …
A203 Grade E -150 -150 -125 …
A203 Grade F (4 in. max) … … -160 -160
A299 Grade A -50 -40 -30 -20
A299 Grade B -10 0 +10 +20
A516 Grade 70 -50 -40 -30 -20
A537 Class 1 (2-½in. max) -80 -75 -75 …
A537 Class 2 (Over 2-½ - 4in.) … … -75 -50
A662 Grade C -50 -50 … …
20 15 A203 Grade F -160 -160 … …
A537 Class 2 (2-½ in. max) -90 -90 -90 …
A612 -50 … … …
A724 Grade A, B, and C -50 … … …

TABLE A1.16 Charpy V-Notch Test Acceptance Criteria for Various Subsize SpecimensA

Full Size, 10 mm by 10 mm ¾ Size, 10 mm by 7.5 mm ⅔ Size, 10 mm by 6.7 mm ½ Size, 10 mm by 5 mm ⅓ Size, 10 mm by 3.3 mm ¼ Size, 10 mm by 2.5 mm
ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J] ft·lbf [J]
40 [54] 30 [41] 27 [37] 20 [27] 13 [18] 10 [14]
35 [48] 26 [35] 23 [31] 18 [24] 12 [16] 9 [12]
30 [41] 22 [30] 20 [27] 15 [20] 10 [14] 8 [11]
25 [34] 19 [26] 17 [23] 12 [16] 8 [11] 6 [8]
20 [27] 15 [20] 13 [18] 10 [14] 7 [10] 5 [7]
16 [22] 12 [16] 11 [15] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [5]
15 [20] 11 [15] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [5]
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 6 [8] 4 [5] 3 [4]
12 [16] 9 [12] 8 [11] 6 [8] 4 [5] 3 [4]
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [4] 2 [3]
7 [10] 5 [7] 5 [7] 4 [5] 2 [3] 2 [3]
A Interpolation shall be made for specimens with widths intermediate of those listed. Interpolated values shall be rounded to the nearest whole number as prescribed in Practice E29.

A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—INCH-POUND UNITS (Final)

TABLE A1.17 Permissible Variations in Width for Mill Edge Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Produced on Strip Mills

Note 1—Applies to plates produced from coil and plates produced from plate-as-rolled.

Specified Width, in. Variations over Specified Width, in.A
To 14, excl 7/16
14 to 17, excl ½
17 to 19, excl 9/16
19 to 21, excl ⅝
21 to 24, excl 11/16
24 to 26, excl 13/16
26 to 28, excl 15/16
28 to 35, excl 1-⅛
35 to 50, excl 1-¼
50 to 60, excl 1-½
60 to 65, excl 1-⅝
65 to 70, excl 1-¾
70 to 80, excl 1-7/8
80 and over 2
A No permissible variation under specified width.

A2. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—SI UNITS

A2.1 Listed herein are permissible variations in dimensions, and notch toughness information, expressed in SI units.

TABLE A2.1 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Plates

Note 1—Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.3 mm. When so specified, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted variations applies.

Note 2—Thickness shall be measured 10 to 20 mm from the longitudinal edge.

Note 3—For specified thicknesses other than those shown, the tolerances for the next higher thickness shall apply.

Note 4—For thickness measured at any location other than that specified in Note 2, the permissible maximum over tolerance shall be increased by 75 %, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm.

Specified Thickness, mm Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given in Millimetres, mm
1200 and Under Over 1200 to 1500, excl 1500 to 1800, excl 1800 to 2100, excl 2100 to 2400, excl 2400 to 2700, excl 2700 to 3000, excl 3000 to 3300, excl 3300 to 3600, excl 3600 to 4200, excl Over 4200
5.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 … …
5.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 … …
6.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 … …
7.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 …
8.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 …
9.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 …
10.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7
11.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7
12.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8
14.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8
16.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8
18.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0
20.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0
22.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0
25.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.2
28.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2
30.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.4
32.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.6
35.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8
38.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.0
40.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.3
45.0 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.5
50.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.8
55.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8
60.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.0
70.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.0
80.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.0
90.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.4
100.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.4
110.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.4
120.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 4.8
130.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.2 5.2
140.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.6 5.6
150.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.6
160.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.6
180.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.3 6.3
200.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0
250.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.8
300.0 7.5 7.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0

TABLE A2.2 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 40 mm and Under in Thickness; Length only for Universal Mill Plates 65 mm and Under in Thickness

Specified Dimensions, mm Permissible Variations over Specified Width and LengthA for Thicknesses Given in Millimetres, mm
To 10, excl 10 to 16, excl 16 to 25, excl 25 to 50, inclB
Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 3 000, excl to 1500, excl 10 13 11 16 13 19 16 25
1500 to 2100, excl 11 16 13 17 16 22 19 25
2100 to 2700, excl 13 19 16 22 19 25 25 29
2700 and over 16 22 19 25 22 29 29 32
3 000 to 6 000, excl to 1500, excl 10 19 13 22 16 25 19 29
1500 to 2100, excl 13 19 16 22 19 25 22 32
2100 to 2700, excl 14 22 17 24 21 29 25 35
2700 and over 16 25 19 29 22 32 29 35
6 000 to 9 000, excl to 1500, excl 10 25 13 29 16 32 19 38
1500 to 2100, excl 13 25 16 29 19 32 22 38
2100 to 2700, excl 14 25 17 32 22 35 25 38
2700 and over 17 29 22 32 25 35 32 44
9 000 to 12 000, excl to 1500, excl 11 29 13 32 16 35 19 41
1500 to 2100, excl 13 32 16 35 19 38 22 41
2100 to 2700, excl 14 32 19 35 22 38 25 48
2700 and over 19 35 22 38 25 41 32 48
12 000 to 15 000, excl to 1500, excl 11 32 13 38 16 41 19 48
1500 to 2100, excl 13 35 16 38 19 41 22 48
2100 to 2700, excl 16 35 19 38 22 41 25 48
2700 and over 19 38 22 41 25 44 32 48
15 000 to 18 000, excl to 1500, excl 13 44 16 48 19 48 22 57
1500 to 2100, excl 16 44 19 48 22 48 25 57
2100 to 2700, excl 16 44 19 48 22 48 29 57
2700 and over 22 44 25 51 29 57 32 64
18 000 and over to 1500, excl 14 51 19 54 22 57 25 70
1500 to 2100, excl 19 51 22 54 25 57 29 70
2100 to 2700, excl 19 51 22 54 25 57 32 70
2700 and over 25 51 29 60 32 64 35 76
A Permissible variation under specified width and length: 5 mm. By agreement, these permitted variations may be taken all over, in which case the sum of these permitted variations applies.
B Permissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 300 mm in width for thicknesses over 50 to 65 mm, incl, except for alloy steel up to 50 mm thick.

TABLE A2.3 Permissible Variations in Rolled Width for Universal Mill Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy-Steel Plates 400 mm and Under in Thickness

Note 1—Permissible variation under specified width shall be 3 mm.

Specified Width, mm Variations Over Specified Width for Thicknesses Given, mm
To 10, excl 10 to 16, excl 16 to 25, excl 25 to 50, incl Over 50 to 250, incl Over 250 to 400, incl
Over 200 to 500, excl 3 3 5 6 10 13
500 to 900, excl 5 6 8 10 11 14
900 and over 8 10 11 13 14 16

A2. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS, ETC.—SI UNITS (Continued)

TABLE A2.4 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Sheared Circular Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy Steel Plates 25 mm and under in Thickness

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.

Specified Diameters, mm Permissible Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, mm
To 10, excl 10 to 16, excl 16 to 25, incl
To 800, excl 6 10 13
800 to 2100, excl 8 11 14
2100 to 2700, excl 10 13 16
2700 to 3300, excl 11 14 17
3300 and over 13 16 19

TABLE A2.5 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required

Note 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.

Note 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length only.

Specified Thickness, mm Variations Over for All Specified Widths or Lengths, mm
To 50, excl 13
50 to 100, excl 16
100 to 150, excl 19
150 to 200, excl 22
200 to 400, incl 25

TABLE A2.6 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas-Cut Circular Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.

Specified Diameters, mm Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, mm
To 25, excl 25 to 50, excl 50 to 100, excl 100 to 150, excl 150 to 200, excl 200 to 400, excl
To 800, excl 10 10 13 13 16 19
800 to 2100, excl 10 13 13 16 19 22
2100 to 2700, excl 13 14 16 19 22 25
2700 to 3300, excl 13 14 17 22 25 29
3300 and over 16 19 22 25 29 32

TABLE A2.7 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates all Thicknesses

Note 1—Camber, as it relates to plates, is the horizontal edge curvature in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat position.

Maximum permissible camber, mm = length in millimetres/500

TABLE A2.8 Permissible Camber for Carbon Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, and Alloy Steel Universal Mill Plates and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Sheared or Gas-Cut Rectangular Plates

Note 1—Camber, as it relates to plates, is the horizontal edge curvature in the length, measured over the entire length of the plate in the flat position.

Width, mm Camber for Width Given, mm
To 750, inclLength/300
Over 750 to 1500Length/250

TABLE A2.9 Permissible Variations from Flatness for Carbon Steel Plates

Note 1—Flatness Variations for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variation in flatness along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 4000 mm in length, or in any 4000 mm of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Variations for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation in flatness along the length and across the width shall not exceed 6 mm in each direction. When the longer dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, inclusive, the flatness variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 6 mm.

Note 4—The tolerances given in this table apply to plates that have a minimum specified tensile strength not over 415 MPa or comparable chemistry or hardness. For plates specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or comparable chemistry or hardness, the limits given in the table are increased to 1½ times the amounts in the above table.

Note 5—This table and notes cover the flatness tolerances of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 6—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness,
mm		 Permissible Variations from a Flat Surface for Specified Widths, mm
To 900,
excl		 900 to
1200		 1200 to
1500		 1500 to
1800		 1800 to
2100		 2100 to
2400		 2400 to
2700		 2700 to
3000		 3000 to
3600		 3600 to
4200		 4200 and
Over
To 6, excl141924323538414448. . .. . .
6 to 10, excl131619242932353841. . .. . .
10 to 12, excl1314161619222529324854
12 to 20, excl1113141616192525293851
20 to 25, excl1113141616161922253544
25 to 50, excl1013131414161616182938
50 to 100, excl810111313131314162229
100 to 150, excl1011131314141619222225
150 to 200, excl1113131618192222252525
200 to 250, excl1313161819212224252525
250 to 300, excl1316192122242525252525
300 to 400, incl16192122242525252525...

TABLE A2.10 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Alloy Steel Plates when Gas Cutting is Specified or Required

Note 1—These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.

Note 2—Plates with universal rolled edges will be gas cut to length only.

Specified Thickness, mm Variations Over for All Specified Widths and Lengths, mm
To 50, excl19
50 to 100, excl25
100 to 150, excl29
150 to 200, excl33
200 to 400, incl38

TABLE A2.11 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Gas Cut Circular Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—No permissible variations under specified diameter.

Specified Diameter, mm Variations Over Specified Diameter for Thicknesses Given, mm
To 25, excl 25 to 50, excl 50 to 100, excl 100 to 150, excl 150 to 200, excl 200 to 400, excl
To 800, excl 13 13 19 19 25 25
800 to 2100, excl 13 16 22 25 29 32
2100 to 2700, excl 16 19 25 29 32 35
2700 to 3300, incl 22 25 29 32 35 38

TABLE A2.12 Permissible Variations from Flatness for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Alloy Steel Plates

Note 1—Flatness Tolerances for Length—The longer dimension specified is considered the length and variations from a flat surface along the length shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 4000 mm in length, or in any 4000 mm of longer plates.

Note 2—Flatness Tolerances for Width—The flatness variation across the width shall not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 3—When the longer dimension is under 900 mm, the variation shall not exceed 10 mm. When the larger dimension is from 900 to 1800 mm, incl, the variation shall not exceed 75 % of the tabular amount for the specified width.

Note 4—This table and notes cover the tolerances for flatness of circular and sketch plates, based on the maximum dimensions of those plates.

Note 5—Plates shall be in a horizontal position on a flat surface when flatness is measured.

Specified Thickness, mm Flatness Tolerances for Specified Widths, mm
To 900, excl 900 to 1200 1200 to 1500 1500 to 1800 1800 to 2100 2100 to 2400 2400 to 2700 2700 to 3000 3000 to 3600 3600 to 4200 4200 and over
To 6, excl 21 29 35 48 51 57 60 67 70 … …
6 to 10, excl 19 24 29 35 44 48 51 57 60 … …
10 to 12, excl 19 22 24 24 29 33 38 41 48 70 79
12 to 20, excl 16 19 21 22 25 29 32 35 41 57 76
20 to 25, excl 16 19 22 22 24 25 29 33 38 51 67
25 to 50, excl 14 16 19 21 22 24 25 25 25 41 57
50 to 100, excl 13 14 18 19 19 19 19 22 25 32 41
100 to 150, excl 14 18 19 19 22 22 24 29 32 32 38
150 to 200, excl 16 19 19 24 25 29 32 33 38 38 38
200 to 250, excl 19 21 24 25 29 32 33 35 38 38 38
250 to 300, excl 19 24 29 32 33 35 38 38 38 38 38
300 to 400, incl 22 25 30 33 35 38 38 38 38 38 38

TABLE A2.13 Waviness Tolerances for Rectangular Plates, Universal Mill Plates, Circular Plates, and Sketch Plates

Note 1—Waviness denotes the deviation of the top or bottom surface from a horizontal line, when the plate is resting on a flat surface, as measured in an increment of less than 4000 mm of length. The waviness tolerance is a function of the flatness tolerance as obtained from Tables A2.9 and A2.12.

Flatness Tolerance from Tables A2.9 and A2.12 When Number of Waves in 4000 mm is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 8 6 5 3 3 2 2
10 10 8 5 5 3 2 2
11 11 8 6 5 3 3 2
13 13 10 8 5 5 3 2
14 14 11 8 6 5 3 2
16 16 13 10 6 5 5 2
17 17 13 10 8 5 5 2
19 19 14 11 8 6 5 2
21 21 16 11 8 6 5 2
22 22 17 13 10 6 5 5
24 24 17 13 10 8 6 5
25 25 19 14 11 8 6 5
29 29 22 16 13 10 6 5
32 32 24 17 13 10 8 6
35 35 27 19 14 11 8 6
38 38 29 22 16 13 10 6
41 41 32 24 17 13 10 8
44 44 33 25 19 14 11 8
48 48 37 27 21 14 11 8
51 51 38 29 22 16 13 10
54 54 41 30 22 17 13 10
57 57 43 32 24 17 14 10
60 60 46 33 25 19 14 11
64 64 48 37 27 21 14 11
67 67 51 38 29 21 16 11
70 70 52 40 29 22 16 13
73 73 56 41 30 24 17 13
76 76 57 43 32 24 17 14
79 79 60 44 33 25 19 14

TABLE A2.14 Visible Edge Indications Extending Approximately Parallel to Rolled Surfaces

Plate Specification and Thickness Acceptable Remove by Grinding Acceptable on Edges Cut in Fabrication
Depth LengthA Depth LengthA Depth LengthA
Column 1 2 3 4 5 6
Other than killed,B to 50 mm, incl 3 mm, max any over 3 to 6 over 25 mm 6 mm max any
Killed,C to 150 mm, incl 2 mm, max any over 2 to 3 mm, incl over 25 mm 3 mm max any
Killed,C over 150 mm 3 mm, max any over 3 to 13 mm, incl over 25 mm 13 mm max any
A Laminar-type discontinuities 25 mm and less in length are acceptable and do not require exploration.
B Specifications: A285; A433; A442 in thicknesses to 25 mm, incl; or A455.
C The specifications in 1.1 of this standard, other than those listed in the above Table Footnote B.

TABLE A2.15 Generally Available Grade-Thickness-Minimum Test Temperature Combinations Meeting Charpy V-Notch Requirements Indicated (Normalized or Quenched and Tempered Condition)

Note 1—The minimum temperatures listed are for longitudinal tests. For transverse tests, the available minimum temperature may be somewhat higher.

Acceptance Criteria Charpy V-Notch (based on full-sized specimens) Specification and Grade Test Temperature, °C for Plate Thicknesses (Unless Otherwise Agreed Upon)
Minimum Average For 3 Specimens，J Minimum For 1 Specimen，J 25 mm and Under Over 25 mm to 50 mm, incl Over 50 mm to 75 mm, incl Over 75 mm to 125 mm, incl
18 14 A203 Grade A -68 -68 -60 …
A203 Grade D -101 -101 -87 …
A516 Grade 55 -51 -51 -46 -46
A516 Grade 60 -51 -46 -46 -46
A516 Grade 65 -51 -46 -40 -32
A537 Class 1 (Over 64-100 mm) … … -60 -46
A662 Grade A -60 -60 … …
A662 Grade B -51 -51 … …
20 16 A203 Grade B -68 -68 -60 …
A203 Grade E -101 -101 -87 …
A203 Grade F (100 mm max) … … -107 -107
A299 Grade A -46 -40 -40 -29
A299 Grade B -23 -18 -12 -6
A516 Grade 70 -46 -40 -35 -29
A537 Class 1 (64 mm max) -62 -60 -60 …
A537 Class 2 (Over 64-100 mm) … … -60 -46
A662 Grade C -46 -46 … …
27 20 A203 Grade F -107 -107 … …
A537 Class 2 (64 mm max) -68 -68 -68 …
A612 -46 … … …
A724 Grade A, B, and C -46 … … …

TABLE A2.16 Permissible Variations in Width for Mill Edge Carbon Steel and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Produced on Strip Mills

Note 1—Applies to plates produced from coil and plates produced from plate-as-rolled.

Specified Width, mm Variations Over Specified Width, mmA
To 360, excl 11
360 to 430, excl 13
430 to 480, excl 14
480 to 530, excl 16
530 to 610, excl 17
610 to 660, excl 21
660 to 710, excl 24
710 to 890, excl 29
890 to 1270, excl 32
1270 to 1520, excl 38
1520 to 1650, excl 41
1650 to 1780, excl 44
1780 to 2030, excl 47
2030 and over 51
A No permissible variation under specified width.

A3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW MATERIALS

A3.1 Proposals for the introduction of new plate materials to be covered by the general requirements in this specification, either by the addition of new grades within existing specifications, or by the creation of a new specification shall be subject to the following conditions:

A3.1.1 The application for the addition of a new grade to a specification or a new specification shall be made to the chair of the subcommittee. Approval of new revisions to remain the subject to the approval for Committee A01. Specifications existing specifications not subject to reasons of chemistry or thickness limitation are not subject to this annex.

A3.1.2 The application shall contain documentation citing the requisite need for the new material and its intended scope as outlined in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, B5. Scope. That documentation may be in the form of a letter from a user, fabricator, another standards development organization, or producer stating the purpose and intended use for said new material. The Subcommittee may consider other evidence of need for the proposal. Additional background information as may be presented to the introduction of the new material may also be presented with the proposal.

A3.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as required by the applicable specification. Test data from a minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each from a different heat, shall be furnished and shall include:

  • A3.1.3.1 Chemical data reflecting a suitable representation of the required chemistry range requested.
  • A3.1.3.2 Mechanical property data representing the proposed requirements in the delivered condition from each of the heats supplied.
  • A3.1.3.3 To assist the balloting process, data from plates representing the maximum proposed thickness be limited only by the recognizing that in some cases standard may be "shopped" by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified material property requirements.
  • A3.1.3.3 Mechanical property data in the simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) condition if the product specification contains Supplementory requirement S3.
  • A3.1.3.4 Evidence of weldability if the material is intended for welded construction as may be referenced in the Scope section of the new or existing standard.

Note A3.2—Such evidence is at the discretion of the submitter. Common methodology may include but not be limited to a single ASTM Section IX qualification such as that not in 9.4 of this specification.

A3.1.4 Other properties as are referenced in specification requirements that further describe the material, including physical properties, are not mandatory. However, to the extent that such information may assist the Subcommittee in evaluating the proposal they may be included. Omission of such non-essential documentation shall not be a cause for rejection of the application by the subcommittee.

A3.1.5 The application shall state whether or not a patent covers the new material.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. COILED STEEL

X1.1 Continuous wide hot strip rolling mills are normally equipped with coilers. Regardless of the different types of systems employed during or following the rolling operations, it is common for the steel to be reeled into the coiler at temperatures in the steel-receiving range. In general, such temperatures are higher as the steel thickness increases. The coilers subsequently cool more rapidly than central laps. The difference in laps cooling rate can result in measurable differences in the mechanical properties throughout a coil. Data confirmation, for the product with slower cooling rates from the coiling temperature on to ambient. Such differences are in addition to the effects on mechanical properties caused by differences in heat analysis and chemical segregation.

X2. VARIATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES IN PLATE-AS-ROLLED

X2.1 The tension requirements of this general requirements specification are intended only to characterize the conformation of a plate-as-rolled for determination of tensile manace to the requirements of the applicable product specification. Such testing procedures are not intended to define the upper or lower limits of tensile properties at all possible test locations within a plate-as-rolled. It is well known and documented that tensile properties vary within a plate-as-rolled or individual piece of steel as a function of chemical composition, processing, testing procedure, and other factors. It is, therefore, incumbent on designers and engineers to use sound engineering judgment when using tension test results shown on mill test reports. The testing procedures of this general requirements specification have been found to provide plate adequate for normal pressure vessel design criteria.

X2.2 A survey of the variation to be expected in tensile properties obtained from plates and structural shapes was conducted by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). The results of this survey are contained in a Contributions to the Metallurgy of Steel entitled “The Variation of Product Analysis and Tensile Properties—Carbon Steel Plates, and Wide Flange Shapes” (SU/18, SU/19, and SU/20), published in September 1974. The data are presented in tables of probability that tensile properties at other than the official location may differ from those of the reported test location.

X2.3 This general requirements specification contains no requirements applicable to product tension tests; conformance to the applicable product specification is determined on the basis of tests performed at the place of manufacture or processing prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified.

X2.4 A Task Group of ASTM Subcommittee A01.11 has determined, based on review of the AISI data (SU-20), that the variation in tensile properties within a plate-as-rolled can be expressed as a function of specified requirements: one standard deviation equals approximately 3 % of required tensile strength, 5 % of required yield strength, and 3 percentage points of required elongation.

X3. VARIATION IN CHARPY V-NOTCH TESTS

X3.1 A survey of the variation to be expected in Charpy V-Notch test results obtained from three common fine grain plate steels was conducted by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). The results of the survey are contained in a Contributions to the Metallurgy of Steel entitled, “The Variation of Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Properties in Steel Plates,” (SU/24), published January 1979. The survey data consists of test values obtained from six locations in addition to the locations specified in 12.1.3 of this specification. The plate conditions tested involved as-rolled, normalized, and quench and tempered. Sufficient full-size specimens were taken from each sample so that three longitudinal and three transverse specimens could be broken at three test temperatures defined for each grade. The data is presented in tables of probability that impact properties at other than the official location which may differ from those of the reported test location. Additional data of the same type, but utilizing samples from thicker plates, was published by AISI as SU/27.

X4. RADIUS FOR COLD BENDING

X4.1 Suggested minimum inside bend radii for cold forming are referable to group designations listed in Table X4.1. Material that does not form satisfactorily when fabricated in accordance with Table X4.2 may be subject to rejection pending negotiation with the steel supplier. When tighter bends are required, the manufacturer should be consulted.

X4.2 The bend radius and the radius of the male die should be as liberal as the finished part will permit. The width across the shoulders of the female die should be at least 8 times the plate thickness. Higher strength steels require larger die openings. The surface of the dies in the area of radius should be smooth.

X4.3 Since cracks in cold bending commonly originate from the outside edges, shear burrs on cut edges should be removed by grinding. Sharp corners and edges on punched or gas cut holes should be removed by chamfering or grinding to a radius.

X4.4 If possible, parts should be formed such that the bend line is perpendicular to the direction of final rolling. If it is necessary to bend with the bend line parallel to the direction of final rolling, a more generous radius is suggested (1½ times applicable value given in Table X4.2 for bend lines perpendicular to the direction of rolling).

X4.5 References

Both of these references are available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI):

TABLE X4.1 Group Designations for Cold Bending

Specification Class Where Applicable Grade Where Applicable Group DesignationA
A203/A203M … A, D
B, E
F		 B
C
D
A204/A204M … A
B
C		 B
C
D
A225/A225M … C, D D
A285/A285M … A, B, C A
A299/A299M … A, B D
A302/A302M … A, C, D
B		 D
E
A353/A353M … … D
A387/A387M 1, 2
1
2		 2, 11, 12
5, 9, 21, 21L, 22 22L
5, 9, 21, 22, 91		 C
E
E
A455/A455M … … C
A515/A515M … 60 or 65
70		 B
C
A516/A516M … 55
60, 65
70		 A
B
C
A517/A517M … A B E F H P Q S F
A533/A533M 1, 2, 3 A, B, C, D, E E
A537/A537M 1, 2B, 3B
2C, 3C		 … C
D
A542/A542MD 1, 2
3, 4
4a		 … F
D
E
A543/A543M 1, 2, 3 B, C F
A553/A553MD … … D
A562/A562M … … A
A612/A612M … … C
A645/A645M … … D
A662/A662M … A, B
C		 B
C
A724/A724M … A, C
B		 D
E
A736/A736M 1, 2, 3 A, C D
A737/A737M … B, C B
A738/A738M … A, B
CB
CC		 D
C
D
A832/A832M … 21V, 22V, 23V E
A841/A841M 1, 2
3		 A, B, C
D		 C
F
A844/A844M … … D
A1017/A1017M … 23, 122
92, 911		 D
E
A Steels in Groups A to E inclusive are grouped on the basis of similar specified values for minimum elongation in 2 in. (50 mm); Group F includes steels that have a specified minimum elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) of 16 or less, and steels that have a ratio of specified minimum tensile strength to specified minimum yield strength of 1.15 or less.
B For thicknesses of 4 in. (100 mm) and less.
C For thicknesses over 4 in. (100 mm).
D For any type.

TABLE X4.2 Suggested Minimum Inside Radii for Cold BendingA

Group Designation Thickness (t), in. [mm]
Up to ¾ in. (20 mm) Over ¾ in. (20 mm) to 1 in. (25 mm), incl Over 1 in. (25 mm) to 2 in. (50 mm), incl Over 2 in. (50 mm)
A 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t
B 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t 2.5t
C 1.5t 1.5t 2.0t 2.5t
D 1.5t 1.5t 2.5t 3.0t
E 1.5t 1.5t 3.0t 3.5t
F 1.75t 2.25t 4.5t 5.5t
A Values are for bend lines perpendicular to the direction of final rolling. These radilapply when the precautlons listed in X4.2 are followed. lf bend lines are parallel to the direction of final rolling, multiply values by 1.5.
B Steels specifications included in the group designations may not include the entire thickness range shown in this table.
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